b. Megabyte 3. Which answer lists the correct number of bits associated with each term? c. 64 bits per quadruple word 4. Which of the following answers are true about random-access memory (RAM) as it is normally used inside a personal computer? a.
The recency effect appears in serial recall tasks. Items at the end of the list seen to be better recalled than those in the middle. Earlier items are remembered because they have been transferred to the long term memory. Later items are still in the short term memory. A experiment was carried out by Glanzer and Cunitz.
However if the information receives attention, it will pass on to short term memory. The information held in short term memory is in a fragile state. The information is rehearsed and the information stays since it is in the 7+-2 capacity for short term memory. By maintenance rehearsal, the information can be transferred to long term memory. In long term memory there is a much larger capacity and the duration is possibly lifelong.
Multi-store Model of Memory The Multi-Store Model of Memory is a study of memory and explains how the memory works. Atkinson and Shriffrin (1968) suggested that memory comprised of three separate memory stores, the Sensory memory (store), the Short Term Memory (STM) and the Long Term Memory (LTM). The Multi-Store Model also shows the processes by which the information is passed to each store. The model suggests that human memory involves a sequence of these three stages. Information passes through each stage/store by control processes.
Peterson and Peterson investigated the duration of the Short Term Memory in 1959. This demonstrated that rehearsing is vital to retain information in the Short Term Memory. A lab experiment was conducted in which 24 participants had to recall trigrams (meaningless three-consonant syllables, e.g. TGH). To prevent the participants rehearsing the trigrams they were asked to count backwards in threes from a specified random number until they saw a red light appear.
15. Metamemory Refers to judgements and decisions we make about our own memory. This includes assessments like: in what situations do I memorize best, what study time suits me best, what duration suits me best, which learning strategy is most helpful etc. And then taking decisions to re track your learning process so that learning is done most effectively. (Schwartz & Son, 2011) 16.
Secondly storage process: involves entering and maintaining information in memory for a period of time and last of all retrieval process: involves recovering stored information from memory so it can be used. There are three main types of models of memory that demonstrate how our memory processes work including the: Multistore Model (MSM), Working Memory Model (WM) and the Levels of Processing Model (LOP). As such, this essay response will be focussed on the evaluation of MSM & LOP memory models supported the arguments with relevant studies. The multi-store model of memory was proposed by Atkinsn and Shiffrin (1968). The multistore model consists of three memory stores: sensory memory (SM), short term memory (STM) and long term memory (LTM) that is used for different tasks.
Primary memory serves as a buffer for information. For example, if I was sitting in class and the teacher wrote some names on the board such as Lipitor, Sertraline and Vitamin C and then she erased them and asked me to recall the medications she had written from memory I would only need to have retained the information briefly, so I wouldn’t necessarily enter the names in secondary memory but I would maintain the three items in primary memory. Thus primary memory both retrieve information from secondary memory and takes in information from the environment, either for temporary maintenance or possibly for entry into secondary memory. (Willingham, D. T., 2007) Primary memory is also known as short term memory and Secondary memory is known as long term memory. The characteristics of primary memory include how forgetting occurs, how memories are represented, and how much information can be stored (Willingham, D. T., 2007).
(12)Total marks: 28 | | Cognitive psychology mid-topic test 1. Outline the multi-store model of memory. (4) 2. Explain what is meant by elaborative rehearsal. (2) 3.
In this theory, the memory is broken down into three parts: Sensory memory-stores the original information, i.e. : a picture or a certain smell. Short-term Memory-Where the sensory memory is changed into a code we remember. Long-term memory-where the information that has been pout into code, is stored.