CT261 Understanding Mental Health Problems 1.1 Describe the main types of mental ill health according to the psychiatric (DSM/ICD) classification system;- Mood disorders – affects the individual's moods and are more intense and difficult to manage than normal feelings of sadness or mood swings. They include all types of depression and bipolar disorder. Mood disorders are sometimes referred to as affective disorders. Examples include post natal depression which some women experience after giving birth and Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) experienced by some people in autumn and winter when the days are shorter and there is less sunlight. Mood disorders are thought to be caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain.
As the mass impedes on the brain or blood vessels, symptoms such as seizures and speech problems can occur. Epilepsy, classified as a brain disorder, occurs when a group of nerves in the brain generate abnormal electrochemical impulses. These impulses cause stroke-like symptoms including strange sensations, irrational behaviour, muscle spasms, convulsions and loss of consciousness. A hemiplegic migraine is a specific type of migraine headache that often runs in families. Migraines, throbbing pain in one area of the head, are often accompanied by nausea, vomiting and sensitivity to light and/or sounds, according to the Genetics Home Reference.
Extreme use of alcohol and other drugs can damage the brain and can sometimes cause hallucinations or other symptoms of a mental disorder but is only usually caused by excessive use of alcohol and drugs. Another cause for a mental disorder is infection. Infection can lead to the rise of mental illnesses and schizophrenia has been linked to flu. Another physical cause of a mental disorder is the biochemistry including neurotransmitters and hormones. Neurotransmitters are known to have an impact on behaviour such as high levels of nor adrenaline and dopamine are seen when a depressed mood is evident e.g.
A hallucination can involve any of the senses, but the most common is hearing voices. Hallucinations are very real to the person experiencing them, even though people around them cannot hear the voices or experience the sensations. Research using brain-scanning equipment shows changes in the speech area of the brain in people with schizophrenia when they hear voices. These studies show the experience of hearing voices as a real one, as if the brain mistakes thoughts for real voices. Some people describe the voices they hear as friendly and pleasant, but more often they are rude, critical, abusive or annoying.
Some of the negative effects are things such as nausea and stomach pains, restlessness and tiredness. Medication can also cause headaches, dizziness and loss of balance. It may affect an individuals sleeping pattern, it may also cause a loss of appetite and tiredness. There are a number of risks associated with the use of anti-psychotic medications for individuals with dementia. These can range from side effects such as restlessness and irritability to becoming addicted to the drug and dependant on others.
(D1) outline how a named mental disorder is diagnosed. Schizophrenia is a long-term mental health condition that causes a range of different psychological symptoms. These include: · hallucinations[->2] - hearing or seeing things that do not exist · delusions - unusual beliefs that are not based on reality and often contradict the evidence · muddled thoughts based on the hallucinations or delusions · changes in
People with lewy bodies often suffer hallucinations. Frontal lobe dementia Frontal lobe dementia including Picks disease , in this form of dementia damage to9 brain cells is more localised than in Alzheimers disease , usually beginning in the front part of the brain . Initially personality and behaviour are more affected than memory but in later stages symptoms are similar to Alzheimers. An early sign that someone's language is being affected by dementia is that they can't find the right words – particularly the names of people. The person may substitute an incorrect word, or may not find any word at all.
Mood disorders: These disorders, also called affective disorders, involve persistent feelings of sadness or periods of feeling overly happy, or fluctuations from extreme happiness to extreme sadness. The most common mood disorders are depression, mania, and bipolar disorder. Psychotic disorders: Psychotic disorders involve distorted awareness and thinking. Two of the most common symptoms of psychotic disorders are hallucinations -- the experience of images or sounds that are not real, such as hearing voices -- and delusions, which are false beliefs that the ill person accepts as true, despite evidence to the contrary. Schizophrenia is an example of a psychotic disorder.
Abnormal psychology is a portion of Psychology that involves the study of behaviors that “seem” unusual or inappropriate by society's standards. However, in some cases, these unusual and inappropriate behaviors may be certain disorders or dysfunctions. People with these disorders may not necessarily be able to control their “emotions, drives, or desires.” Dissociative disorders, Sexual disorders, and Schizophrenia delusions lie heavily among the long list of abnormal disorders in the study of psychology. In the next few paragraphs, a thorough explanation of the disorders mentioned above will be discussed. When a person has a dissociative disorders, it usually means that their memory has failed.
(Schizophrenia, 2007) “Hallucinations: This usually takes the form of hearing voices that are not there, but people with schizophrenia may also see, smell, taste, and feel things that are not there”. (Schizophrenia, 2007) “Bizarre behavior: This can be expressed in many different ways. In short, the individual behaves in ways that seem inappropriate or strange to other