Other activities are supressed by the fight/flight response so that we maximise diversion of resources to the parts of our body that need it, so for instance bowel movement will decrease and salivation will slow down as it’s not essential that we digest our food (in that moment). HPA If the stressor is percieved as chronic in the high centres of the brain a message passes to the hypothalamus and its physiological response occurs through the pituitary-adrenal system (a.k.a the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis or HPA). Activation of the HPA, compared to that of SAM, is much less easy to acheive, occuring in response to ongoing stressful situations (chronic) like matters of financial stability. The
People with this disorder usually eat low calorie diet, and make starving themselves. Another type of eating disorder could be bulimia. Individual with bulimia tries to control his/her weight by binge eating and then by deliberately being sick or using laxatives and medication to help empty their bowels. These two disorders when people under eat, but there is the eating disorder when person over eat. It is called binge eating or compulsive eating.
The temperature regulating centre of the brain is the hypothalamus, which contains receptors that monitor the temperature of the blood when it passes through the brain this is known as the core temperature. Whereas the receptors on the skin monitor the external temperature of the blood. Both the core and external temperatures are needed in order for the body to make adjustments so that the body can continue functioning correctly. The hypothalamus then sends impulses to different effectors to adjust our body temperature. This can result in behavioural changes to the body temperature and is often the first response that we encounter with a change in body temperature, which is voluntary.
When the mechanisms find a change or deviation they send messages back to the brain with negative feedback. The brain then uses the information it has received to compare it to the normal and then initiates a response to return that part of the body system to its original state. A response that it might send out would be for example if the blood sugar level was too high the brain would respond by sending enzymes carrying insulin which would help by decreasing the levels, returning the blood sugar level to its normal state. Our body can also tell us to change something before getting to the stage where we physically need it. For example if your body is starting to run low on energy because you have not eaten for a while it may cause you to feel cold or tired.
SENSATION Sensation is defined as the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment. The study of sensation is concerned with the initial contact between organisms and their physical environment. It focuses on describing the relationship between various forms of sensory stimulation (including electromagnetic, sound waves, pressure) and how these inputs are registered by our sense organs (eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin). The process through which the senses pick up visual, auditory, and other sensory stimuli and transmit them to the brain; sensory information that has registered in the brain but has not been interpreted. Sensation is the process by which our senses gather information and send it to the brain.
This relationship between behavior and its consequences is the law of effect. B.F. Skinner agreed with this view and extended this to the experimental analysis of behavior. According to Thorndike, the possible consequences of behavior can either increase or decrease the likelihood of response. So Skinner created an experimental situation where he brought about systematic variations in the stimulus condition, causing different environmental conditions which would affect the likelihood that a given behavior would occur. To analyze behavior experimentally, Skinner developed operant conditioning procedures.
Homeostasis is one of the characteristics of life. The standard and benchmark that applies to this characteristic is benchmark SC.BS.4.4, which is to describe how homeostatic balance occurs in cells and organisms. Homeostasis is the ability for an organism or cell to maintain a constant internal balance in response to outside changes. In other words, homeostasis makes sure that the environment inside a living thing stays balanced no matter what the conditions are in the environment outside. All living things have mechanisms that allow them to keep stable internal conditions.
Homeostasis is the process of keeping an internal environment the same and many mechanisms are used to maintain this environment. The internal environment refers to the conditions inside the body such as blood, tissue fluids and metabolic processes .It provides a stable internal environment for organisms and for their cells. The skin, kidneys, liver, endocrine system, nervous system and sensory system all play a part in maintaining the internal environment with narrow limits. Negative Feedback A very important method the body uses to achieve homeostasis is negative feedback, it applies to almost all the systems in the body. Negative feedback is where various receptors and effectors cause a reaction to ensure certain conditions remain the same.
The NLP Communication Model Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) is about the ability to discover and change the way we communicate (internally, with ourselves, and externally, with others) in order to achieve our specific and desired outcomes. The NLP communication model is based on cognitive psychology and was developed by John Grinder and Richard Bandler. According to the NLP communication model, when someone behaves in a certain way (their external behaviour), a chain reaction is set up within you (your internal response), which in turn causes you to respond in some way (your external behaviour), which then creates a chain reaction within the other person (their internal response), and the cycle continues. The internal representations that we make about an outside event are not necessarilythe event itself.Typically, what happens is that there is an external event and we run that eventthrough our internal processing. We make an Internal Representation (I/R) of thatevent.
Thus it was predicted that one’s training in addition would transfer to his ability to learn how to multiply. It was reasoned that both tasks share identical features, multiplication basically requiring a series of. Stimulus Generalization- is the tendency of a subject to respond to a stimulus or a group of stimuli similar but not identical to the original CS. For example, a subject may initially make the desired response when exposed to any sound (that is, to a generalized stimulus) rather than making such a response only to a specific sound. Such generalization can occur in both classical and operant conditioning (if a CS is used).