Recession- The recession is an opposite of boom stage. The unemployment increase, most of firms are losing confidence and stops invest or expand. They may change their planning and started to survive. The customers are likely to save money then spend and the percentages of loans are high and may increase. Individuals are losing jobs and the government have to spend more money of benefits.
According to Keynes, why might deflation create problems for an economy? ▪ In expectation of increased spending, too many entrepreneurs would begin businesses and most would fail. ▪ The cost of repricing goods would increase costs, and therefore reduce profits, for businesses and they would cut production. ▪ People would drop out of unions because unions would become ineffective at keeping wages of members high. ▪ Consumers might expect prices to fall further and cut back consumption now.
In the next chapter we learn how sellers set the prices in which we pay for an item, why things cost what they do and not what they are worth. The key to prices are sellers that can sell their products as close to the cost of making the item. In a regular market, prices are the key. Businesses cannot afford to charge a higher price, customers are normally looking for a lower price and the lower the better, in today’s economy. Many customers ask the question, “What affects prices?” We learn that things happen beyond the sellers’ and buyers’ control to raise and lower prices in today’s market.
Figures on the cash flow forecast at this point will look very poor. Therefore it is important for the company to make sure that they are making enough money from the products that they are selling and haven’t under-priced them if they have used expensive materials. If the materials are too expensive then they must make sure that they have looked into buying cheaper material as long as this doesn’t affect the quality of the product that they are selling or this may also affect how well the product sells. Expenditure Changing the company’s expenditure will have an effect on the profit or loss it makes. If there is a large increase in some of the figures of the expenditure, it could mean that there would be either a large decrease in the profits made by the company or that the company’s loss figure has increased suddenly.
M4–Analyse the reasons why costs need to be controlled to budget In this assignment I will analyse the reasons why costs need to be controlled to budge. If costs are not measured by Debenhams then their profits will be badly affected therefore budgeting is one process to regulate costs as it gives the organisation an approximation or a target on what their cost and revenue should be. A business has to budget and control expenditure in order to see what has been received and paid out, otherwise unrestrained spending could occur and decline could happen. One of the difficulties that could occur if costs are not controlled to budget is: high fixed cost per item which decreases businesses profit and ability to compete. Debenhams are very effective at controlling its costs to budget as the results were good for sales revenue throughout 2013.
E. Usually when operations get close to capacity limits, costs go up. Bottlenecks are more common, there may be congestion in the plant, and production could slow down. These costs need to be considered when setting a price for a special order that will move an organization out of its normal operating range (relevant range). In addition, managers need to think about whether the business will lose some customers because demand cannot be filled. ------------------------------------------------- 4.42 Make or Buy, Qualitative Factors - The Vernom Corporation A.
If this persist long enough it can cause people to revolt against their government and can lead into wars. Other effects of hyperinflation are the relocation of wealth from the public to the government. Once people lose faith in the value of money they will begin to trade goods and services instead of directly purchasing good and services with the country’s currency. During this time interest rates will lower, which will reduce the value of money even more. To stop hyperinflation a government needs to restore confidence in the countries budget system and balance their budget.
What you will learn in this Module: Module 8 Supply and Demand: Price Controls (Ceilings and Floors) Why Governments Control Prices You learned in Module 6 that a market moves to equilibrium—that is, the market price moves to the level at which the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded. But this equilibrium price does not necessarily please either buyers or sellers. After all, buyers would always like to pay less if they could, and sometimes they can make a strong moral or political case that they should pay lower prices. For example, what if the equilibrium between supply and demand for apartments in a major city leads to rental rates that an average working person can’t afford? In that case, a government might well be under
Additionally, the continuously increasing steel prices leading to higher production costs and impacting product’s margin. Other players initiated price war (price differential of 5 to 10 % of Fortis discounted prices) while Fortis refused to continuously cut its prices, which caused Fortis to lose market share to its competitors. Increasing price sensitiveness of Fortis customers, decreasing market share coupled with low production utilization (70%) is increasing more and more pressure on Fortis to lower prices. In addition to its standard “4-8-14” discount, Fortis can apply price-flex strategy in order to selectively meet lower competitor prices. Question 3) Fortis marketing strategy focuses on value-added service to customers.
o Another argument is that firms in developing countries keep costs down by paying their workers depressed wages and by subjecting them to inhumane work environments. Hence limiting the imports of such goods discourages such exploitation. Employment protection o Engagement in international trade often results in structural unemployment as workers in the contracting sectors may lack the skills to transit to the expanding sectors o Temporary protectionist measures allow such