Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Congestive Heart Failure or CHF is a severe circulatory congestion due to decreased myocardial contractility, which results in the heart’s inability to pump sufficient blood to meet the body’s needs. In general, causes can be classified according to the following: a. Volume overload may cause the right ventricle to hypertrophy to compensate for added volume. b. Pressure overload usually results from an obstructive lesion, such as COA c. Decrease contractility can result from problems such as sever anemia, asphyxia, heart block and acidemia.
SBO’s may cause severe fluctuations in F&E balances. z. Potassium: may be an indication that the patient is not getting adequate absorption required. SBO’s may cause severe fluctuations in F&E balances. This may further complications related to the patient’s heart rhythms. {.
If this fails, a pancrelipase and sodium bicarbonate solution may be instilled in order to "digest" the clog. Metabolic complications: Metabolic complications of enteral nutrition are similar to those that occur during PN, although the incidence and severity may be less. Careful monitoring can minimize or prevent metabolic complications. Refeeding syndrome: Refeeding of severely malnourished patients may result in "refeeding syndrome" in which there are acute decreases in circulating levels of potassium, magnesium, and phosphate. The sequel of refeeding syndrome adversely affect nearly every organ system and include cardiac dysrhythmias, heart failure, acute respiratory failure, coma, paralysis, nephropathy, and liver dysfunction.
Side Effects: constipation, blurred vision & dizziness, dry mouth & throat, Feeling or being sick, Difficulty passing urine, a fast heart beat, skin rashes, nervousness, confusion, inflamed gums, and mood changes. Name: Risperidone, 4mg tablets, one taken at 08:00 and one taken at 18:00, daily. Use: An Atypical antipsychotic for the treatment of symptoms of mental health problems particularly in schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. Side Effects: Feeling dizzy or light-headed when getting up from a lying or sitting position, Headache. Feeling sleepy, drowsiness, blurred vision.
ECF potassium levels affect resting membrane potential. Hyperkalemia (excessive levels of potassium in the blood) and hypokalemia (abnormally low blood potassium levels) both affect the function of nerves and muscles. • Explain how hyperkalemia will initially affect the resting membrane potential and the generation of an action potential. The resting membrane potential is based on the polarization of the cell. If there are higher levels of potassium, then the resting membrane potential will be less than normal and an action potential will be not likely with the same amount stimulation.
Usually requires more aggressive treatment such as reperfusion therapy. 2. What is the pathophysiology causing Mr. Canton’s cool, clammy skin and aspiratory crackles? Heart Attack, It’s the result of signs and symptoms of left side congestive heart failure. 3.
A. List Joseph’s risk factors and create a brief summary of the information you have so far. Identify how his risk factors would affect cellular function. The risk factors for Joseph are history of hypertension, poor diet, weight gain, stress, family history of vascular disease, and smoking. These risk factors affect cellular function by slowing down the amount of oxygen and blood flow the cells are receiving.
Because electrolytes play an important role in homeostasis, the danger of dehydration and an electrolyte balance is life threatening. If the potassium or sodium levels are too high or low, it can interfere with the electrical activity within the heart causing it to have abnormal rhythms or a myocardial infarction. Low blood pressure, confusion, disorientation and renal failure can all be dangerous when there are dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Confirmed Physical Health, online classroom, and learning guide HLTAP401B. Tortora/Grabowski, Ninth Edition, Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New York, Chichester, Weinheim, Brisbane, Singapore, Toronto.
She has presented to the ward with the following symptoms, which are an indication of a UTI; she is feeling very unwell, with a high temperature, frequency of urination and burning when urinating. She appears slightly confused and she also complains of back pain. Chapter 45 of Lewis’s medical-surgical nursing states, that the symptoms of a UTI, include the following; Dysuria (pain on urination), frequent in urination (every 2 hours or less) urgency, visible blood or sediment in urine (cloudy appearance), Flank pain (one sided pain between abdomen and back) and fever. Older adults also may experience non-localised abdominal pain, confusion, general clinical deterioration. Patients over the age of 80 may also experience a slight decline in body temperature.
Sx: Pertinent positives, sx that raise suspicion for the dz Pert. Neg. : Pertinent negatives, sx lower suspicion for dz Assoc. Med: Medications related to the dz PE: common PE findings assoc with the disease Dx by: How dz is diagnosed/ruled out Scribe Alert: important info I should know General Dehydration (major DDx) Etiology: shortage of fluids in the body most commonly caused by vomiting/diarrhea. May be caused by Long periods of poor PO intake CC: Lethargic/Listless, Sunken Eyes, Poor UOP (urine output) PE: DMM (dry mucous membranes), cries w/o tears, sunken fontanel or eyes, tachycardic, poor skin tugor Dx by: Clinically, Na+ from basic metabolic panel ScribeAlert: UOP best indicator, always document how frequent patient makes wet diapers.