Porter's Five Forces

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Porters’ Five Forces Strategic Model: - It’s a structure to indentify the threats from competition in a particular industry. The five forces of this model are as follows:- The Threat of Substitutes: - The presence of substitutes in an industry can reduce the profit levels. The substitutes limit the price levels. The threat of substitute products depends on: • Buyers' willingness to substitute • The relative price and performance of substitutes • The costs of switching to substitutes The Threat of Entry: - New entrants to an industry increase competition in an industry. The threat depends on the barriers to entry. Barriers to entry include:- • Economies of scale • Capital / investment requirements • Customer switching costs • The possibility of retaliation from existing industry players. The Power of Buyers and Suppliers: - Businesses buy raw materials and other products from the suppliers. The cost of items bought from suppliers can affect the businesses profitability. • More buyers and fewer dominant suppliers • Suppliers threaten to integrate forward into the industry • Buyers do not threaten to integrate backwards into supply • The industry is not a key customer group to the suppliers The bargaining power of buyers is greater when:- • There are few dominant buyers and many sellers in the industry • Buyers threaten to integrate backward into the industry • Suppliers do not threaten to integrate forward into the buyer's industry • The industry is not a key supplying group for buyers The Intensity of Rivalrous Tactics: - The intensity of rivalry between competitors in an industry will depend on: • The structure of competition • The structure of industry costs • Degree of differentiation • Switching costs • Strategic objectives • Exit

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