We need to think about how patents play into the motivations of all participants, not just those who end up seeking a patent. Patent racing is not-yet-a developed theory of patent incentives. Given the historical evidence, if you are skeptical of the benefits of patent racing, you probably ought to be skeptical of the benefits of the patent system as a whole. The resulting disconnect is a problem not only for patent theory but for the design of the patent system, which seems to be based on assumptions about invention that are not borne out by
Simply put, the fine-tuning argument contends that the universe was designed to ultimately create human beings. Fine-tuning is an argument which is able to contest one of the atheist’s own theories to disprove God. This will be explained in more detail later in this paper. In response to this, McCloskey says the cosmological argument “does not entitle us to postulate an all-powerful, all-perfect, uncaused cause.” As mentioned before, the cosmological argument is but one part of a concurrence for the existence of God. It does not prove God’s existence; it argues that there must be a necessary being which created the universe.
While in contrast, in Meditation 1 Descartes takes a more introspective approach by analyzing reality with systematic doubt. In his systematic approach, Descartes peals away the layers of his reality purposely doubting both his senses and reasoning imposing on himself the possibility of an unknown world, ultimately concluding that we can have no certain knowledge of reality. In both The Matrix and The Allegory of the Cave the people live in controlled worlds where their reality has been altered by outside influences. In the Matrix, the primary character, Neo, discovers that the world in which he lives is a simulation created by a computer (The Matrix). Neo exists not in the reality that he has experienced but in a giant machine, along with the rest of the human population, where he is attached to a computer that controls all his experiences.
141) 2) A. The essential element of causation is that A “produces” B or A “forces” B to occur. Empirically, we can never demonstrate A-B causality with certainty. The reason is that we do not “demonstrate” such causal linkages deductively. Unlike deductive conclusions, empirical conclusions are inferences— inductive conclusions.
Meanwhile, McCloskey believes that the only conclusion we can reach is that something caused the universe to exist. From reading his article, I feel that he does not formulate a valid argument as to how the power exists or how it created the universe. He goes onto to describe any creator that could exist is either a powerful being or a muddler and is not a god, but an evil spirit or a being that had very disastrous consequences due to their limitations ( McCloskey, pg.64). McCloskey closes his argument of the cosmological argument by stating that belief in either is not a source of strength or security ( McCloskey,
According to the scientific method in order to test a hypothesis one must make sure the claim is falsifiable. Although there is evidence that the planets move almost like clockwork, however that is not enough to prove astrology specifically. However studies and tests have been conducted in the past in order to verfiy its claims. Similar to the practise of witchcraft, the failure of producing the desired result is almost always blamed on the psychic or astrologers inability and not the fault of astrology itself.5 The difficulty to test this is due to its subjectivity. This makes it unscientific; the result of every experiment must either be true or
Hard determinism is the theory that human behaviour and actions are wholly determined by external factors, and therefore humans do not have genuine free will or ethical accountability. There are several different supporting views for this belief. Hard determinism is underpinned by the work of Isaac Newton’s theory of scientific laws which is that we are completely governed by these laws. According to these laws one does not have moral responsibility for their actions as they were predetermined by a ‘higher power’. Hence why, natural laws such as gravity and motion assist in forming the basis for the cause and effect that fills the discussion of hard determinism.
The prisoner slowly sees that what he thought was the real thing was nothing but an illusion of reality. The same idea exists in Bacons The Four Idols; he thought that the idea that reality is based on things, belief, misuse of words, and theories was absurd. He thought the use of a more scientific method should be used to prove things. There are still situations today that are similar to the ones that
This was the first time I’ve seen the Milgram Experiments and they are extremely interesting. They are a series of tests that do not test the subject, but rather the administrator. When will the test administrator’s conscience say no to willingly hurting another, aside from being told by an authority figure to continue. What must happen in order for someone to take themselves out of an experience and asses what is going on. A huge question of mine has always been when is enough, enough?
The knowledge that is gained through the process of immersion is inductive, because you start with nothing and gain knowledge as you go. Hypothesis testing starts with a hypothesis, and tests it; this makes it deductive because every time the hypothesis is tested it is deducting from the original hypothesis. The hypothetical-deductive method tends to be used to improve or clarify previous theories, while the inductive method creates laws based on the observation of the facts and by generalizing the observed behavior through