By 1350 there were some quite serious public health problems in towns, where the lack of fresh water and drainage was a problem which caused the water to be contaminated by other sources and was not healthy to drink. The government were not willing to donate funds to fixing this problem because they did not think it was their job to improve public health, but sometimes they passed laws requiring people to keep the streets clean especially in times when disease was common however these laws were difficult to enforce. Therefore, the Romans’ progress was not maintained. Meanwhile, animal excrement was common in the street and butchers slaughtered their animals and threw the remains on the streets which lead to disease and germs causing people to get sick. All this suggests that during the middle ages there was no progress in public health and that the standard of public health had gone backwards especially in the towns and cities.
That agricultural industry in the South was so corrupt that farmers gained no profit from their livestock and crops, therefore was inefficient and moving backwards. Communication between the North and South was very difficult, almost as if the North and South were two different countries, the Liberal government didn’t do a very good job in controlling the two divisions. Cavour said “To harmonise the north with the south is more difficult than to fight Austria or struggle with Rome.” In 1896 Italy tried to gain back their empire, in doing so they tried to take Adowa back in Africa, but suffered a humiliating defeat, and stunted their right to being called ‘a Great Nation’. Due to the fact that Liberal Italy found it hard to communicate across the two divisions, Liberal Italy was therefore unstable and not very secure. The new
(Document B) Without water, the crops were unable to grow which led to hunger, starvation, and death. When there where crops to tend to, the water levels were too weak to do so. (Document B) Moreover, the rivers and lakes became brackish which means that they started to fill with salt. Therefore, their dependable sources of fresh water became limited. (Document A) Since there was a short supply of fresh water, many colonists died of dehydration.
Once all the main factors are evaluated, it becomes clear that the life of the peasants did not improve so it remained uniformly bleak throughout the period of 1855-1964. For majority of the period, the living conditions for the average peasant remained uniformly bleak. Especially when considering 1917, under Nicholas II, accommodation was often a low standard as demand outstripped supply following an influx to the cities, such poor living conditions had a detrimental effect in their quality of life which was also the same under the communist leaders, where living conditions remained in an equally bad, if not worse when compared to the Tsars. Some may suggest that Nikita Khrushchev did try to improve the living conditions by building more social housing but he was more interested in competing in the Cold War than improving the living conditions of the peasants. Therefore, lack of care led to his housing policy to be unsuccessful and proving that live of the peasants under Khrushchev did not improve.
How far di Sources X and Y challenge Source W about the effective supplying of the army? William Russell, in source W, writes about the food supplies to the army, and how the army were being sufficiently fed and that perhaps the food shortages suggestions were supposedly untrue. Its views definitely differ from those shown in sources Y and W where they people talk about the lack of supplies of both food, and clothing, which they blame mostly down to the weather conditions. Source Y, which is a letter home from a doctor at the Crimea says the last two weeks supplies have been unable to reach the army which he blames for the ‘bad weather’. Source Y comes from a journal written by an officer in the Heavy Brigade.
One of the main reasons for this opposition was the economic and social hardships Russia was going through particularly in the months after the October revolution. Food shortages plagued Russia due to problems of distribution, problems of inflation and problems of production. The railway system in Russia had virtually collapsed. This meant that food supplies or any other necessary supplies couldn’t be distributed efficiently around Russia which caused massive food shortages. Food shortages were a key problem in Russia as it meant the people were starving and desperate.
With a lack of communication on both sides and an unhappy country, it would have been very difficult to govern such a hostile environment as no members of public would have followed the laws or asks of their leader. Finally, the diverse economy makes laws very hard to put into place because certain introductions are going to benefit some whilst disadvantaging others e.g. The introduction of taxes for the rich to pay for the peasants would not have gone down well with some, but helped others back into a quality of life. For the above reasons, Russia was extremely hard to govern in the 19th Century. “Why was Russia so hard to govern in the 19th Century?” Russia was so hard to govern in the 19th Century due to the political situation, angry people and diverse economy.
As it was them who started the protest which turned into a revolution and also they were the ones behind the mutiny of the troops. However, the military was having many problems such as the war was going horribly wrong with many casualties, poor commanding from officers and limited military resources and equipment. The peasants were doing the fighting and the dying. So this could be a small contributing factor to the fall of the Romanov's on several different reasons. Firstly the tsar did not help the peasants personally, but instead leave the burden to the prime ministers when they cannot rule like a democracy today.
History Source question 1a How far do sources X and Y challenge source W about the effective supplying the army? In source W, William Russell outlines that food supplies are being given to the army and how the army were being sufficiently fed, which shows allegations of food shortages to the army in the Crimea are false. But compared to sources X and Y it states their were lack of supplies of both food, and clothing, which they blame mostly down to the weather conditions. Source X, which is a letter home from a doctor at the Crimea says the last two weeks supplies have been unable to reach the army which he blames for the ‘bad weather.’ Source Y comes from a journal written by an officer in the Heavy Brigade. He blames the lack of supplies
When the United States joined the Allied fight with Europe against Germany during World War I in April 1917, American troops were inadequately prepared for battle. Morale was low because the various troops did not see a reason to fight on the ground in Europe for France and Britain’s battles against Germany. The soldiers faced personal issues such as racism and religious persecution, which lowered their morale even more. The majority of American troops drafted during World War I, were never put on active duty, due to injuries, illnesses, or illiteracy. Those that were eligible, did not receive proper training and lived in squalid camps.