The Methods Behind Targeted Chemotherapy Emily A. Abstract The use of the drug Cisplatin through the method of isolated infusion is the ideal use of targeted chemotherapy. Cisplatin works by molecularly targeting the guanine base in DNA, but if it were given through a general IV it would bond with all cells with guanine bases and not exclusively the cancerous cells. Therefore when the drug is administered through isolated infusion (a form of targeted delivery) it will only affect the ‘isolated’ cancerous area. This method of chemotherapy is controversial because if the procedure is not properly conducted the Cisplatin will spread and healthy organ systems could be destroyed. Yet the benefits outweigh the risks by far because if the procedure is done correctly all the cancerous cells in that isolated area will be eliminated entirely.
From the gel electrophoresis, we found that the PCR product was about 600 bps. Spectrometric analysis helped us to find the concentration of amplified DNA which was about 65 μL/mL. The next step was to produce digoxigenin-UTP labelled RNA probe by in vitro transcription of PCR amplified tau DNA with T7 RNA polymerase. About 4 μL of template DNA was added to a sterile, RNase-free reaction vial. The total sample volume was made up to 13 μL by adding water.
Cell division stops until p53 binds to DNA and repairs the damage. C. p53 is an example of an oncogene, and its expression causes uncontrolled cell division. D. activation of p53 leads to inhibition of the S-phase cyclin-CDK complex. 6. All of the following statements correctly describe M-Cdk, EXCEPT: A. M-Cdk causes the cell to enter S phase and begin DNA replication.
What does PCR do? Polymerase Chain Reaction is a method developed by American Scientist Katy Mullis who started working on it i n 1983. You can make millions of copies of a specific fragment of DNA within a couple of hours. Why is PCR helpful to scientists? With this method, a tiny amount of DNA from a few cells would be enough to identify an individual.
Studies show that UVB rays are responsible for this effect. The first step in UV skin carcinogenesis (creation of cancer) involves DNA damage. Occasional mistakes of DNA repairs lead to the integration of incorrect bases into the genetic material. The DNA that is left unrepaired may disrupt cellular processes by disrupting the DNA and RNA synthesizing machineries with incorrect genetic sequenses. These mistakes result in mutation leading to loss or inappropriate expression of affected genes.
By resorting to therapeutic cloning the doctors will be able to replace damaged tissues and organs in the human body, and treat various diseases and disorders with ease, The practice of waiting for a donor to obtain the desired organ would come to a halt as the required organ can be generated at will. Cloning would also allow infertile couples to have their own genetic offspring or otherwise normal couples
It can save countless lives by repairing or replacing damaged organs or body parts. This type of cloning reduces the need for transplants along with donated organs and also eliminates the need to take anti-rejection and immunosuppressive medication which is neccessary for the receipiant's to not reject the donated organ or become more vulnerable to common diseases. Another positive aspect that cloning offers is a solution for infertility in women and men or to replace a deseased child. Medicinenet.com states that "over 15% of Americans are infertile and that in vitro fertilization has a success rate of less than 20%." This is the main argument that advocates use to persuade society that cloning is indeed a very good thing.
Other cancer cells can metastasize on different parts of the body through blood and can form a new tumor. Genetic changes are one cause of cancer, which can be inherited from parents or damaged to DNA. Exposure to chemicals such as radiations and smoking, may cause damage to cells. A person's cancer comes with unique genetic changes as it grows there will be changes to it. To know the correct procedure for care of cancer as discuss in this essay, it will also involve the diagnosis and staging of cancer, complications of cancer, its side effects and ways to cope up, as well as psychological effects and physical.
Lab 3: Mitosis and Meiosis Lab report by: Date of lab experiment: 14 July 2011 Part A: Introduction Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that is present in the cells of all living organisms. It is the hereditary “blueprint” of life as it contains all genetic information about the organism in its cells. The purpose of this experiment is to extract DNA from the cell itself and to be able to see the DNA structure. Chemicals will be used to chemically treated in order to break open the cell and nuclear membranes. The DNA will then be separated from the mixture containing the cell membrane and would then be altered in order for the DNA not to dissolve and able to see it with the naked eye.
In the future this allows for better medicine that would decrease hospitalization rate, doses of medicine, and increase the rate of recovery. Since the beginning, doctors have prescribed medicine or treatment based on the symptoms of an illness that an individual patient possesses. By doctors performing genetics test the hospitalization rate would decrease because the benefit of modern genetic technology can find the appropriate medicine for a specific gene type. Today when you go to the doctor, your examination will reveal symptoms in general. The doctor will assess