Introduction Crime and criminals had been historical events since the beginning of human existence. The ability to stop an individual from breaks laws and stealing property of law-abiding citizens became the focus of law enforcement. Law enforcement was established to minimize and control crime, and to protect law-abiding citizens. The effect of law enforcement can be negative and positive. The job of a law enforcement officer is not easy.
Something had to be done to prevent the increase in crime. Sir Robert Peel finally got his way when he convinced Parliament to create the London Metropolitan Police in 1829 (Walker & Katz, 2011). This formation was the beginning of the first organized police system. American style of policing used the same model and that model is based on three core elements. The three core elements are the mission, strategy, and organizational structure of police.
Police brutality has been a problem within our society for some time now. Due to the many amount of cases, police brutality has shaped a view amongst the lower class that enforcers of the law tend to take advantage of their given power. Seems like police officers feel as if their implementation of the law is a congressional shield against the consequences of violating laws. In most cases of police brutality there is excessive force being used and unnecessary physical force and sometimes even deadly force. Police brutality has impacted our society because it changed the view of local authority; they went from being heroes of our communities to the vigilantes that we watch over our shoulders.
Statute of Westminster involved everyday citizens in policing and preventing crime. This statute required citizens to help the police in the apprehension and prevention of crime. If the citizens did not help then they were subject to fines. The laws that were laid out early in history have affected today's security system because each new improvement builds on the system before it. The people who designed the system would take the best from the one prior and add in things that they thought would be beneficial.
The system of allocating police officers to particular areas so that they become familiar with the local inhabitants. Community policing is a philosophy that promotes organizational strategies, which support the systematic use of partnerships and problem-solving techniques, to proactively address the immediate conditions that give rise to public safety issues such as crime, social disorder, and fear of crime (12Fe1) From the 1930s to the 1960s, U.S. law enforcement relied on a professional policing model. This model was based on hierarchical structures, efficient response times, standardization, and the use of motorized patrol cars. Although this model improved efficiency, operations, and accountability, it proved inadequate when civil disturbances
In chapter five of Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions in Criminal Justice, Pollock states when one asks most people what the role of policing is in society, the response is some version of “catch criminals” or “fight crime”. (p.105) The majority of police officers are professional and ethical; however a small minority abuses their power. This leads to close suspicion by the public of all police. Police have great power in our society to arrest, use force and also have the power of life and death. Police have two types of perceptions of the police mission, either a crime fighter or public servant.
He began shifting the Department’s strategy from a reactive, efforts-based approach to a proactive, results-based approach. He focused on preventing crime before it began by sending more officers out on patrol rather than having officers sit in offices waiting to respond to 911 calls. He followed the “broken windows” theory and his police force went after “quality of life” misdemeanors with the belief that enforcing such misdemeanors would lead to a reduction in more serious crimes as well. In addition to pushing officers to be more proactive in the fight against crime, he introduced new performance measures that monitored managers’ plans for action and such action’s results. Prior to these measures, and in other police organizations across the country, work had been gauged in terms of effort (e.g., how many 911 calls were answered).
THE HISTORY OF LAW ENFORENCEMNET To truly understand the history of Law Enforcement and Private Investigation how and why such laws and rules and what would govern the everyday life of a citizen. Law enforcement systems were introduced as the early American colonies increased in size. Prior to this, serious crime was rare and able to be handled within small communities or the family. Early policing in the United States was limited to night watchmen, constabulary and sheriffs. These were based upon the systems that were established in Europe.
Private police existed before public police. Private security will continue to develop, because the police can only do so much. Federalization of crime control and law enforcement is seen as a continuing trend. The federal government has passed more federal criminal laws and has jurisdiction over many drug and gun violations. “(para.
Racism is a huge example. Members of racial minorities bear the brunt of police brutality and excessive force in many parts of the U.S....Reported abuses include racist language, harassment, ill-treatment, unjustified stops and searches, unjustified shootings and false arrests (Randall). African Americans are the ones who usually end up being harassed by cops. “In bigger towns, blacks are more likely to commit violent acts, police officers concerned with self preservation are more likely to use violence when dealing with them” (Kester police