] Protein Synthesis Bodies ! Cells ! DNA ! Bodies are made up of cells ! All cells run on a set of instructions spelled out in DNA DNA !
The circular DNA molecules in prokaryotes usually contain ____________________ replication forks during replication, while linear eukaryotic DNA contains many more. DNA Structure and Replication Answer Section TRUE/FALSE 1.
RNA primase lays the beginning for DNA Primase to begin laying down the nucleobases: Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine. 3. Okazaki fragment from RNA primase a segment of the lagging strand during replication. 4. DNA ligase goes over all the small Okazaki segments and binds them into a new strand of DNA.
The DNA changes that are described in Henry’s story are changes to the coding strands of the CYP2C9 genes. What is the function of the coding strand and how does it differ from the function of the template strand of Henry’s CYP2C9 gene? The function of a coding strand is the strand that is going to be transcribed. The function of a template strand is the complementary strand from the coding strand. The template strand is what is used as a template in the synthesis of
DNA specifies the synthesis of proteins, However, a gene does not build a protein directly, instead it dispatches instructions in the form of RNA, which then programs protein synthesis. This molecular chain of command is from DNA in the nucleus then to RNA then to protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. The two main stages are transcription and translation, transcription is the transfer of genetic information from DNA into an RNA molecule, translation is the transfer of the information from RNA into a protein. Describe each stage of the flow of information starting with DNA and ending with a trait. Information will always start with DNA then it will travel to the RNA and then the protein.
The bases used in DNA replication are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). In RNA, uracil (U) is used instead of thymine, but in this case, that is irrelevant. Generally, in a normal human being, A is matched up with T, and G is matched up with C to makeup the complementary base pairs. An important step in the initiation of the replication process is the binding of the RNA primase. This primase attracts the nucleotides that bind to the corresponding nucleotides of the 3’-5’ strand.
7. The figure to the right shows that injection of M-phase cytoplasm into an oocyte triggers the cell to enter mitosis. What would be the expected effect on cell division if cytoplasm from a G2-phase cell were injected into an M-phase cell? A. DNA replication would begin again. B. activation of all cyclin-CDK complex in the cell.
Mitosis is the step during which the cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei. During mitosis, one copy of the DNA is distributed into each of the two daughter cells. Scientists divide mitosis into four parts (phases): prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During prophase, the thread-like chromatin in the nucleus condenses to form double-rod structures called chromosomes. During metaphase, the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.
Transduction involves transfer of DNA from one bacterium into another via bacteriophages. Conjugation involves transfer of DNA via sexual pilus and requires cell –to-cell contact. DNA fragments that contain resistance genes from resistant donors can then make previously susceptible bacteria express resistance as coded by these newly acquired resistance genes. 7. A plasmid is an independent, circular, self-replicating DNA molecule that carries only a few genes.
Explain how DNA replicates? What are some characteristics of the structure of DNA? Explain complementary base pairing. 15. Describe in detail the phases of mitosis.