The last point is that all cells come from pre-existing cells. Cell theory is simple to remember, but very important to know. Differences between Plant and Animal cells There are many things that are different between plant and animal cells. One thing is that animal cells are round and an irregular shape, while plant cells are rectangular and regular in shape. Also, plant cells can be bigger than animal cells (plant cells: 10-100 micrometers, animal cells: 10-30 micrometers).
It is the only pigment that is used in the very core of the photosystems. Through photosynthesis, chlorophyll “a” absorbs light energy, and turns it chemical energy to make glucose, which is sugar (Chlorophyll: Plants). Chlorophyll “a” absorbs mainly blue-violet light, some red-orange light and it reflects green light (Farabee). The other common chlorophyll is chlorophyll “b”, and it is only found in green algae and plants (Speer). Like chlorophyll “a”, it is located inside a cell’s chloroplast and embedded in the thylakoid membranes, but it only resides in photosystem II (Billiet).
Photosynthesis takes place primarily in plant leaves, and rarely in stems. The parts of a leaf include the upper and lower epidermis, the mesophyll, the vascular bundles, and the stomates. The upper and lower epidermal cells don’t have chloroplasts, so photosynthesis doesn’t occur there. They serve as protection for the rest of the leaf. The stomates are holes which occur in the lower epidermis and are for air exchange.
( Jones et al, 2014 ) A cell can be divided into two types of cell, animal cell and plant cell. A plant cell is usually bigger than animal cell. Both cells have similarities such as having nucleus, plasma membrane and cytoplasm. These are all the common features present in both the animal and plant cell. However, a unique structure that plant cells have is cell wall, large central vacuole and chloroplasts which are absent in animal cells.
Plant Structure. LEAVES: · Leaves are the plant organs where most photosynthesis occurs. Their broad flattened structure optimizes the surface area exposed to light. Plant morphologists have developed a hypothesis, supported by scientific evidence, that leaves are flattened stems between which tissue has developed. · The shape and structure of leaves vary considerably from species to species of plant, depending largely on their adaptation to climate and available light, but also to other factors such as grazing animals, available nutrients, and ecological competition from other plants.
A virus has three main parts; nucleic acid which is the core of the virus and holds the DNA; a protein coat which covers the nucleic acid to protect it and the lipid membrane which covers the capsid, however many viruses do not have a lipid membrane and are therefore called naked viruses. Fungi can be single celled or multicellular organisms, a fungus is a eukaryotic cell and therefore it has a nucleus. Most fungi live in the land, for example in soil or on plant material rather than in the sea or in fresh water. A relatively small number of fungi can cause diseases in animals, they can also cause skin diseases in humans, and these include athlete’s foot, ringworm and thrush. Parasites are organisms that live within other organisms, called the host and it will often harm it.
Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis Abstract Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are energy transformation processes associated with living organisms without which there would be no life on earth. This paper will look at the differences and similarities that two processes have. For instance, cell respiration and photosynthesis are similar in that they both entail electron transport chain and have an effect on oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere. They are also the major sources of energy among all living things and therefore offer power for various cellular activities. Their main differences include photosynthesis occurring in plants and some bacteria as opposed to cellular respiration that that takes place in all living organisms.
protozoans, can rely upon diffusion, but as an organism gets larger, its surface area to volume ratio decreases and this makes a specialised transport system essential. Transport can be analysed under four headings: 1. The Structure of the Transport System Transport in both plants and mammals is by a system of specialised tubes. The smallest of these tubes - capillaries - may have a lumen of 5-8µm whilst veins may have lumens of 3cms diameter. In mammals this forms a circulatory system of arteries, capillaries and veins.
Both animal and plant cells have a nucleus, they both go through cell division and both cells have the main organelles to complete protein synthesis. Plant cells can convert light and water into energy (photosynthesis), therefore animal cell cannot, a plant cell has a vacuole. This is a sac in which the cell stores water and nutrients which are later converted into energy. An animal cell has no vacuole as it does not make its own food and therefore does not need to store these nutrients in that way. A plant cell has chloroplasts.
The two cells we observed were eukaryotic cells, one was an animal cell and the other was a plant cell. In the animal cell we saw the nucleus, cytoplasm, and the cell membrane. It was an irregular shape but more round than anything, the size was on the small side. While observing the plant cell we saw the cell wall, nucleolus, cytoplasm, and the nucleus. We could not see its cell membrane.