Physiological Processes In Midwifery

3515 Words15 Pages
1. Briefly discuss how the female hormones influence the synchronisation of the ovarian and uterine cycles and why this is important to ensure successful establishment of pregnancy [400 words]. The ovarian and uterine cycles are more commonly known as the female reproductive cycle that involves both menstruation and ovulation occurring in one month (28 days). The female reproductive cycle involves two cycles that occur simultaneously and begins by the release of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary which causes the synthesis and secretion of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). FSH is primarily involved with the development of 5-10 follicles, (holding cell for a maturing egg/ova). The follicles growth and maturation is encouraged by FSH. As the follicles grow larger they begin to release the hormone Estrogen already secreted by the ovaries and also crucial for the development and maturation of the follicle. Eventually one follicle (rarely two) becomes the dominant follicle. Estrogen inhibits FSH production and stimulates LH production. Estrogen causes enlargement of the breasts and breast glandular tissue. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) secreted by the anterior pituitary gland is required for both the final maturation of pre-ovulatory follicles and the actual rupture of the egg from the follicle causing the eggs release into the fallopian tube where it is available to sperm. The empty follicle closes and is now called a corpus luteum. The corpus luteum secretes another hormone Progesterone. Progesterone helps the lining of the uterus become more receptive to the fertilized egg and in pregnancy reduces uterine contractions allowing pregnancy to be maintained. Estrogen encourages the lining of the uterus to keep growing that causes the uterus to increase in size and weight because

More about Physiological Processes In Midwifery

Open Document