The final element is the behavioural one, involving fleeing, avoidance behaviour or freezing. There are three main groups of phobia listed in DSM –IV and IC – 10; the first is Agoraphobia which literally means fear of the market. It is an irrational anxiety about being in places from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing or in which help might not be available when anxiety and panic arises. In DSM – IV, agoraphobia is closely linked to panic disorder as sufferers are prone to panic attacks in public places. Both DSM – IV and ICD – 10 state avoidance of the feared situation as a diagnostic criterion.
Understand Mental Health problems Learning outcome 1- Know the main forms of Mental health. 1.1 Describe the main types of Mental ill health according to the psychiatric classification system. Mood disorders - These disorders, also called affective disorder, involve persistent feelings of sadness or periods of feeling overly happy, or fluctuations from extreme happiness to extreme sadness. The most common mood disorders are depression, mania and bipolar disorder. Personality Disorder - People with personality disorders have extreme and inflexible personality traits that are distressing to the person and/or cause problems in work, school or social relationships.
Contact is normally achieved by imagining scenarios (covert desensitisation), but sometimes involves actual contact (in vivo desensitisation). Snake phobics may begin SD treatment by looking at a picture of snakes in a sealed tank, and progressively work through to actually holding one. There has been a lot of research into behavioural therapies. Jones (1924) used SD to eradicate ‘Little Peters’s’ phobia of white fluffy animals and objects such as rabbits and cotton wool. The rabbit was presented to the patient at closer distances each time his anxiety levels subsided to permit movement to the next stage, and Peter was rewarded with food to develop a positive association towards the rabbit.
xxxii. Obsessive-compulsive disorder: obsessions are unwanted, intrusive, anxiety-producing thoughts. Compulsions are ritualistic behaviors designed to reduce or control anxiety. Symptoms are feeling excessive or unreasonable, great distress, consuming a long amount of time, and interfering with daily functions. xxxiii.
Borderline Personality Disorder Kerry Jefferson PSY 303 George Bell IV, M.A. Mar 10, 2013 Borderline Personality Disorder Borderline personality disorder (BPD) affects individual’s emotion state. They have irrational mood swings. But one of the things that affect them is the fear of abandonment. When something like this happens to them it affects others around them, because they fill like they have to constantly walking on eggshells.
Running Head: CRITICAL OBSERVATION Shonda Jackson Critical Observation Paper General Psychology Kelly Moffett December 28, 2010 Dealing with everyday life we as people encounters many different things. Many behaviors are exposed and when it is experienced within our social life we tends to have a different outlook. This paper will explain the psychological research of addiction and how it applies to the various aspects of social life. First addiction is a brain disorder depending on the degree of the addiction it may or may not be curable. People that suffer from addiction cannot control their need for this certain addiction.
In order to understand these contributions to anxiety disorders one must be aware of how we define the factors that may contribute to anxiety such as Faulty Cognitions, in which the individual reveals habits that make them susceptible to fear. Individuals who suffer from a social phobia appear to intensify signs of danger and obsessively worry about different situations, so one must be able to relearn their thinking patterns (Huffman, Karen. pg. 502). Another contribution to anxiety disorders includes Maladaptive Learning, in which learning theorists say that they are the result from maladaptive conditioning and social learning.
According to National Institute of Mental Health (November 27, 2009) claimed “People with OCD may be plagues by persistent, unwelcome thoughts or images, or by the urgent need to engage in certain rituals” (para.2). Some themes to OCD consist of; fear of contamination or dirt, things orderly and symmetrical, sexual images or thoughts, etc. For the symptoms of the themes described above are; fear being contaminated by shaking hands, doubts of locking the door, thoughts of a person hurting someone in a traffic accident, images of hurting a child, replaying pornographic images in their mind, etc. A list can go on for miles for the symptoms of OCD, but a list above are more common then others. Generally a person will wash their hands until the skin becomes raw, checking items to make sure they are off or locked, counting in certain patterns, and checking items are in a specific order.
Mr. Hudson complains of symptoms such as, dizziness, ringing of the ears, dry mouth and dry throat. According to the DSM IV-TR, I diagnose the “Edgy Electrician” with (GAD) Generalized Anxiety Disorder. A disorder characterized by chronic distress and anxiety. He qualifies for this disorder because he possesses some symptoms such as difficulty concentrating and being unable to control his worries, which are all symptoms of (GAD). “People with Generalized Anxiety Disorder report that the anxiety that they experience cause substantial interference with their lives and they need a significant dosage of medications to control their symptoms.” (Gerow and Chatmon 2013, p. 258).
The area of the brain most affected by high stress is the hippocampus, which is very sensitive to cortisol. During the process of time, the cortisol will weaken the brain’s local memory and indexing systems and may narrow perceptual mapping (Jensen, 2008). For the distressed learner there can be so many reasons for their distress, from one’s own home, school to parents etc., anything that stresses the learner, this causes the brain to be on defense mechanism