The term "roboethics" was coined by roboticist Gianmarco Veruggio in 2002, referencing the morality of how humans design, and use and robots or other artificially intelligent beings. Some people believe that Robots or other types of AI deserve rights just as much as people, such as the right to life and liberty. Others believe that AI is more of a threat than anything else. If an AI program exists that can understand languages and speech, such as English, then, with enough processing power it could theoretically listen to every phone conversation and read every email in the world, understand them and report back to the program's operators exactly what is said and exactly who is saying it. It could allow governments or other entities to efficiently suppress dissent and attack their enemies.
It is still unclear what special qualities of mind set humans apart from other animals. Many things, such as tool use, self-recognition and awareness, problem solving and the ability to understand the passing of time have previously been considered unique to humans, and in some cases closely related primates, but studies have now found other animals demonstrating these abilities. The ability to use tools effectively involves understanding the problem and using the correct tools to find a solution. This requires sophisticated cognitive mechanisms that can be seen to demonstrate consciousness and intelligence, which are two things considered to be important parts of thinking. Similarly, consciousness and intelligence can be inferred from an animal’s ability to remember previous events and use experience to solve problems.
Throughout the centuries Philosophers and Scientists have argued over the idea of computers having a mind or a “consciousness,” can a computer or a machine truly grasp the meaning of what it knows or is that particular computer only going off what is programmed within it’s hard drive? In some aspect we can compare the mind to that of a hard drive of a machine. The brain is merely a tissue that is activated by physical processes, which we know as intelligence and emotion. The same goes for a computer, its main component or “brain” is ran by multiple processes reacting to a specific situation leading to a particular outcome. However, can a machine react in such a way to have emotion, perceive and understand like that of a human mind and have a consciousness?
Nature vs. Nurture Scientists believe that traits such as hair and eye colour are determined by specific genes encoded in each human cell. They now also believe abstract traits such as intelligence, personality, aggression and sexual orientation are also encoded in an individual’s DNA. This is known as the Nature theory, whereby it is the genetics and the characteristics that have been inherited from generations earlier that make the person behave the way they are. The Nurture theory however has a different approach to human behaviour, and although it does not completely discount genetic tendencies, the scientists studying this theory ultimately believe that genetics do not matter. They argue that our behavioural aspects originate only from the environmental factors of our upbringing.
Ghosts in the Machine Introduction Introductory Statement: Computers are an object, ultimately an instrument, but it acts, co-operates and appears in a positive wisdom, to know. Thesis: Humans are gradually coming to terms with the idea of machine intelligence. Summary of ideas: * Machines can respond to the human need for companionship. * MUDs have enabled individuals to present themselves as different people. * People are being fooled when talking to technology.
Howard Gardner seven stages of intelligences Howard Gardner viewed intelligence as the ability to unscramble problems; he believed that psychometrics or IQ tests could not calculate a person’s intelligence. Howard Gardner supposed that every human being possesses different ways to learn and process information. He defines intelligence as the capacity to decipher problems and his theory states that learning is rooted within genetic sources. Gardner argues that there are particular sites in the brain, in control of these individual intelligences. These intelligences accompany each other and operate simultaneously which enables a person to develop skills and assist with solving problems.
How does the Study of The Nervous System Help us to Understand Behaviour The Nervous System (NS) helps us to understand a number of behaviours both in humans and in animals, based on the organisms' biology. Physiological behaviours such as sleep and biological rhythms; fight and flight responses in reaction to stressful situations; motivation and emotion; and even abnormal behaviour, can all be understood by looking at the NS. Neuroscience is the branch of Bio-Psychology within which the NS is studied. As Pinel (1993) states “biopsychology’s unique contribution to neuroscientific research is a knowledge of behaviour and the methods of behavioural research.... the ultimate purpose of the NS is to produce and control behaviour”. However the NS can not be used to explain all human behaviour for example personality, the non physiological side to emotions and the levels of consciousness, or various social phenomena.
Influenced by psychologists such as Jean Piaget and Albert Bandura, this perspective has grown tremendously in recent decades. Cognitive psychologists often utilize an information-processing model, comparing the human mind to a computer, to conceptualize how information is acquired, processed, stored, and utilized. Psychodynamic perspective considers behavior to be motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which we have little awareness and which we have little
Human behaviour can change depending on the setting we are put in. There are different aspects which can affect our behaviour, influencing how we feel, think and behave. People are part of the causal effect as we as human beings want to belong; no one wants to be left out on their own. All human beings act differently in different situations, because no one is the same. However in today's society, psychologists have been able to do research on the way human’s behaviour react in different situations with different participants to be able to get a generalized result but to do so they must first distinguish if the participant is showing social or personal identities.
It is handed down with one’s genes; within the computer analogy it is the ‘operating system’ which establishes ones bodily and fundamental psychological performance. The human capacity to sense concern , frustration , love , happiness , sorrow , the requirement to link to others , to enjoy and work out oneself , the capability to notice the environment and speak about it along with other humans all fall under this level of mental programming . Nevertheless, what a person does with such feelings, the simplest way one conveys fear, happiness, findings, and so on, is customized by culture. Human nature is not as ‘human’ as the term indicates, for the reason that certain characteristics of it are explained to aspects of the animal world. Purpose of the study: The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of culture on fashion from the viewpoints of fashion designer as well as the consumer.