Using Material from Item B and elsewhere, assess sociological explanations of ethnic differences in offending and victimisation. According to official statistics there are significant ethnic differences in the likelihood of being involved in the criminal justice system. Black and Asians are overrepresented in the system. For example black people make up 2.8% of the population, but 11% of the prison population. Contrastingly whites are underrepresented.
The mean speed estimate was calculated for each group. The group given the word ‘smashed’ estimated a higher speed than the other groups (about 41 mph). The group given the word ‘contacted’ estimated the lowest speed (about 30 mph) Loftus’ research suggested that EWT was generally inaccurate and therefore unreliable, but not all researchers agree with this conclusion. Yuille and Cutshall (1986) interviewed 13 people who had witnessed an armed robbery in Canada. The interviews took place more than 4 months after the crime and included two misleading questions.
This classification makes sense because if crime is caused by terrorists; terrorist will cause crimes. If the majority of minorities are in prisons, then people of color will end up in prison. On the opposing side of racial profiling, many minorities feel that it is a form of racial discrimination that only hurts the good image law enforcement upholds. For example, the California Highway Patrol has recently been taken to court for the misuse of racial profiling. Therefore, a compromise must be made because it would be ideological to believe that there can be a government that bans the use of racial identification.
Eyewitness misidentification is the single greatest cause of wrongful convictions nationwide, playing a role in nearly 75% of convictions overturned through DNA testing. While eyewitness testimony can be persuasive evidence before a judge or jury, 30 years of strong social science research has proven that eyewitness identification is often unreliable. Research shows that the human mind is not like a tape recorder; we neither record events exactly as we see them, nor recall them like a tape that has been rewound. Instead, witness memory is like any other evidence at a crime scene; it must be preserved carefully and retrieved methodically, or it can be contaminated When police use suggestive procedures to obtain an identification, that should per-se be a reason to exclude the identification. If such identifications are excluded, police will begin to use only reliable identification procedures.
This assignment is determining the differences between ACA and AACC when it comes to their code of conduct.. The similarities and differences between ACA and AACC that stood out most were the differences between their views on confidentiality,sexual relationships between client and counselors and conflict of interest. Confidentiality Confidentiality and having the ability to confide in your counselor are the root of what counseling is all about. When it comes to the code of ethics for ACA and AACC there are similarities as well as differences. A counselor must not disclose information about the client to anyone without the clients consent unless it is provided by the law.
During a grueling two hour-long interrogation, Miranda allegedly confessed to these crimes (McBride, 2006). Only finishing school up until the ninth grade, Ernesto wasn’t considered a very educated man. His lack of education, paired with the fact that he had a history of mental instability, made a confession from Miranda easily obtainable without having council present to represent him. With his recorded confession, the prosecution was able to convict Miranda of rape and kidnapping, thus sentencing him to 20 to 30 years in prison (McBride, 2006). After the Arizona Supreme Court threw out his appeal, Miranda appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court.
To establish vulnerability of the subject the court may examine the education, intellect and mental stability of the suspect along with any previous experience with the legal system. The court will also verify whether the environment may have been the cause of getting a false confession. Those factors include the place, length, intensity and occurrence of the questioning. The court will also determine if the confession was due to the lack of food or sleep. Each possibly significant factor must be compared in the context of each case.
When psychologists act as expert witnesses a number of issues are raised surrounding the admissibility of their evidence. Discuss these issues with reference to eyewitness testimony and domestic violence, then make queriess as to how these issues might be resolved. In order to prosecute alleged offences, evidence such as testimony from eyewitness, fingerprint, hair, DNA, etc. which should provided in court accurately. These evidences are only allowed in legal proceedings when they are considered to be relevant (i.e.
The problem with guns is fairly obvious: they decrease the difficulty of killing or injuring a person. In Jeffrey A. Roth's Firearms and Violence (NIJ Research in Brief, February 1994), he points out the obvious dangers. About 60 percent of all murder victims in the United States in 1989 (about 12,000 people) were killed with firearms. Firearm attacks injured another 70,000 victims, some of whom were left permanently disabled. In 1985, the cost of shootings was an estimated $14 billion nationwide for medical care, long-term disability, and premature death.
Illegal drug crimes would drop, allowing the police to turn their attention to more serious problems. There is a marijuana smoker arrested every 45 seconds in the United States. Normally, they receive large fines and small jail time but repeat offenders can get up to five years. Sadly, rapists and murderers are able to get only one year. Do you really think smoking a joint is worse that raping and killing someone??