Avoiding people who are different, such as those with a mental/physical disability or those of a different culture, is classed as discriminatory practice. By not making an effort to talk to and find ways of communicating with these individuals, it would be seen as practice which excludes them. Automatically giving someone a bedpan, as it is ‘easier’ for the carer instead of taking
There are many different reasons why people communicate, the main reasons being to get to know each other and to know things about each other. Also to express how we feel, to let people know of our needs, of things that we like and don’t like. Communication enables us to give and receive information, whether it be about a person, place or feelings and needs. 1.2 Q. Explain how effective communication affects all aspects of working in adult social care settings.
Expectancy Violations Theory COM-110 24 February 2012 Expectancy Violations Theory The Expectancy Violation Theory, based on the research of Judee Burgoon, holds that we as humans expect specific people to act a certain way in appropriate situations. The non-verbal communication we receive from others plays a very important role in determining more about that person. Americans in general are very territorial and have boundaries for each type of communication. According to Burgoon, personal space is an invisible volume of space surrounding each individual, which marks how physically close they will allow others to come. Based off proxemics, the study of a persons use of space, Edward hall created the American proxemic zones.
Types of information which can affect this can be personal details e.g. names, addresses, pin numbers, national insurance and bank details. This information can be kept confidential by not telling anybody. The data protection act was set up to protect all this information and giving it out is breaking the law. Information we do give out is as little as name depending on who we are dealing with, If its housing benefit they ask for certain bits of information such as; NI No, Address, DOB.
Personal construct theory is a psychological theory that was developed in the 1950's by a psychologist by the name of George Kelly. The concept of Kelly's theory is detailed, but in this paper I will attempt to explain what the varying dimensions and/or categories of personal constructs. A personal construct is basically how one looks at their life, the surrounding world, and the people around them. It is mostly based on personal experiences, and from these personal experiences one builds a specific outlook based on their personal experiences, reactions and results in their life. From these experiences, it influences how one acts, speaks, thinks and lives their life.
One of the important ethical issues to check, is that you do not know the person, and that you are not connected in anyway that is inappropriate, this is called a dual relationship this may be unavoidable in small towns, we would also need to assess that that there are no sexual attractions, on this basis the therapist may decide they cannot work with the client, and may offer the client an alternative therapist. The prospect that this could happen must be explained to the client in the initial consultation, so you can build trust, and the client can feel that you are working in their best interests. It is also important to make sure that the power of the relationships formed between therapist and client is of an equal one, it is extremely valuable to empower your client, and not take the power. The only time a therapist should show authoritarian power is when using inductions which require this
They way one may feel about a space is influenced by the culture that one has learned about over time. There are many aspects of space. Maps, Nations and regions, spatial segregation, space in cities, public places, work space, houses and rooms, invisible space, and cyber space. All these things represent a certain type of space and can be interpreted differently depending on the culture an individual is from. Even the space between people and interactions can be perceived as appropriate or not.
Indirect- Subconsciously discriminating against somebody or a group of people Discrimination exists in almost all care settings. Although there are laws put into place forbidding discrimination from occurring, care professionals are often unaware that it is going on. Discrimination affects an individual in a way which reduces their self-esteem and confidence. It can also affect the person's trust and comfortableness in the care setting and therefore, potentially making them leave. This could have a massive effect on their education or health for example.
Personal Space Personal space is the distance and angle of orientation between individuals when they are interacting, also it is dynamic depending on different circumstance ( for a review see Gifford, 2014). In order to find the relationship between situational, individual difference, physical factors and personal space, I and two other participants are requested to complete the Comfortable Interpersonal Distance Scale ( Duke & Nowicki, 1972), which will show the shape of our personal space. Personal Space Zone Personal space indicates different relationship between the individuals involved ( for a review see Gifford, 2014). In order to examine whether different size of personal space zone exists when an individual is being approached by a stranger or a close friend, I completed the Comfortable Interpersonal Distance Scale ( Duke & Nowicki, 1972). The shape of my personal space is a circle with a radius of 1 feet when I imagined that my close friend was approaching me in the park.
The former includes the phenomenon of the ‘figure-ground contrast’; that is, how we perceive objects distinctly from their surroundings. This can be studied via so-called projective tests. ‘Constancy’ is also a principle of perception; that is, objects maintain perceptual stability through transformations of various types, such as alterations in size and proportion. The most systematic attempt to study the organization of perceptual phenomena is probably that of the Gestalt (‘form’, ‘figure’, or ‘holistic’) psychologists, who emphasize the role of innate patterning in visual perception, although behaviourist approaches have also been influential, notably in America. (Scott & Marshall 2009) According to the Axia college week five reading Perception and Individual Decision Making (2005) “Perception is a process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment” (¶ 8).