Although limestone was available the building material primarily used was stone, especially high quality marble. There was an abundance of marble both on the main lands and the islands of Greece. Marble was a major contributor of precision of details in the architecture of the ancient Greek. The ancient Greeks developed temple architecture over time. The rectangular temple, like the Parthenon, is the most well-known form of Greek public architecture.
Cities were built in cultivation land near the Nile River so the natural flooding would water their crops, and bring with it natural minerals needed by the crops. Incan architecture is the most significant pre-Columbian architecture in South America. Inca buildings were made out of fieldstones or semi-worked stone blocks set in mortar; adobe walls were also quite common, usually laid over stone foundations. The material used in Inca buildings depended on the region, for instance, in the coast they used large rectangular adobe blocks while in the Andes they used local stones. The most common shape in Inca architecture was the rectangular building without any internal walls and roofed with wooden beams and thatch.
Cyrus knew that one thing they needed to become one of the greatest empires of all time was to be able to channel water to there empire, so Cyrus was the first to come up with the first way of getting water out of rocks. Using nothing more than stone chisels, they used these chisels to make a breakthrough of underground irrigation canals called Kinuectics. Also Cyrus knew also to become one of the greatest empires he needed a capital city that would reflect the great empire of Persia. One of the greatest engineering feats of early time was to build a capital in
They ruled from one of the largest empires for almost 200 years. Persians were known for their military startegies and wise leaders. Cyrus the Great and the rise of Persia set standards of how the empire should run. Cyrus the great was very tolerable and respectful. Darius I and the alliance of Persia help set up communication within the empire, control government officials, and organizing outlying areas.
Beginning in 2100-2050 BCE with the Nanna Ziggurat the flat head pyramid was seen in usage in Iraq. Keeping similar architecture style with the Khafre’s Pyramids built in 2520-2494 BCE located in Egypt present the structure of a three dimensional triangle. Both structures found in the Middle East can be compared similarly in the sense of shape, base, and structure while being built in different time periods with different resources and with distinct specific purposes. The Nanna Ziggurat is one of the most remarkable surviving archaeological remains. Ziggurats built above flat plains publically made known the wealth, and stability of city ruler’s and glorified its gods (Cothern and Stokstad 2011, 28).
To the right of Mesopotamia is a region of beautiful landscapes such as; valleys, mountains and desserts. The Persian Empire, that is in which now the country Iran. This region was the homeland of the Persians who conquered Babylon in 539 BC. The Persian Empire started in the north west corner of what is now Iran. It grew through conquest to cover a huge region that roughly is consisted of today's Iran, Iraq, Armenia, Afghanistan, Turkey, Bulgaria, many parts of Greece, Egypt, Syria, much of what is now Pakistan, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon, Central Asia, Libya, and northern parts of Arabia.
3. Compare and contrast the basic features of the First Civilizations that emerged in Afro-Eurasia: Egypt, Mesopotamia, Indus Valley, Shang Dynasty The first civilizations that emerged in Afro-Eurasia all made up different and new ways on how to survive and life in ancient society. Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley and Shang Dynasty civilizations all relate because they are the first civilizations to create an important beginning for history. Over the years, civilization became a global phenomenon and encompassed large numbers of people and territories, resulting in civilizations to rise, fall, revive and change negatively and positively. After a few thousands years, the four major civilizations, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, and Shang Dynasty, all rose and emerged into becoming all independent civilizations that all had their different way of life and survival.
They excelled at skyscrapers, especially as tombs (Tikal). Shared the same Mayan language Writing system (form of hieroglyphics) taught people they shared common histories, beliefs, and gods; also glorified the rulers and their ancestors. They were a major part in Medieval America. The achievements of Medieval America were caused because of the Aztecs, Incas, Mayans. These were the most powerful civilizations in Medieval America.
Even though the Roman Empire was strong, there was one major problem in the Empire, which would be its over expansion that caused both Empire and the republic became unstable and eventually broke down. The Roman Empire was said to be the strongest empire that was ever built. The empire controlled and ruled the largest area in European history for over a thousand years, covering about 2.2 million square miles across Europe. Their military had several advantages such as rapid development of the latest technology and due to their advanced engineering skills of the Romans in building roads. Their roads had a strong stone surface which also allowed water to run off to the sides.
The Persian Empire An empire’s success cannot occurred without its wise leaders, sophisticated political policies, economics, and religious prosperity. Throughout ancient Western civilization, the Persian Empire has attracted people’s deep attention to their contemporaries by its ancient and long-standing history and glorious culture. There are many reasons for the success of Persia. The purpose of this paper is to explain how the Persian Empire was successful by some details, such as leaders, policies, religion and economy. First of all, I want to introduce three great and wise Persian leaders who successfully transformed Persia into a true imperial power by their political enterprise and authority.