1) Coronary artery disease occurs when fatty deposits called plaque build up inside the coronary arteries. The coronary arteries wrap around the heart and supply it with blood and oxygen. When plaque builds up, it narrows the arteries and reduces the amount of blood that gets to your heart. This can lead to serious problems, including heart attack. 2) Coronary artery disease is usually caused by a build-up of fatty deposits on the walls of the coronary arteries.
An ischemic stroke is typically caused by excess buildup of plague on the blood vessel walls that narrows blood flow dramatically. A hemorrhagic stroke typically occurs when the blood vessel walls weaken over time, which leads to a bulge or rupture of the vessel. Aneurysm is the most common type of hemorrhagic strokes with a low survival rate. They also kill brain cells, which can never regenerate. The affect of strokes on the body can range between mild dizziness or slight numbness to impaired speech and loss of motor control.
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) or also referred to as Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), a heart disease that develops when your coronary arteries, the major blood vessels that supply your heart with blood, oxygen and nutrients become damaged. CHD is a term used commonly for buildup of plaque in the hearts arteries that could lead to heart attack. Cholesterol containing deposits, also known as plaque on your arteries is to blame for CAD. With CAD, the plaque starts to first grow in the coronary arteries until blood flow to the heart’s muscle becomes limited, in other words, ischemia. It could be chronic and is caused by the narrowing of the coronary artery and limitation of blood supply to part of the muscle.
Acute Renal Failure Diagnosis: Acute Renal Failure (ARF) Defined: “Acute Renal failure represents a rapid decline in kidney function sufficient to increase blood levels of nitrogenous wastes and impair fluid and electrolyte balance” (Carol Mattson Porth, Glenn Matfin, 2009, pg.855) Pathophysiology: “Acute renal failure is abrupt in onset and often is reversible if recognized early and treated appropriately. It’s caused by Conditions that produce an acute shut down in renal function. ARF can result from decresed blood flow to the kidney (prerenal failure), disorders that disrupt the structures in the kidney (intrinsic or intrarenal failure), or disorders that interfere with the elimination of urine from the kidney (post renal failure).”(Carol Mattson Porth, Glenn Matfin, 2009, pg 855). ARF consequences include HTN, Hyperkalemia, Acidosis, Oliguria (a decrease in urine output less than 400ml/day). These consequences affect all the organ systems in the body.
Other causes are severe constipation from a hard mass of stool, and narrowing of the intestine caused by diverticulitis or inflammatory bowel disease. The Symptoms Bowel Obstruction is: Cramping and belly pain that comes and goes. The pain can occur around or below the belly button, Vomiting, Bloating, Constipation and a lack of gas, if the intestine is completely blocked, and Diarrhea, if the intestine is partly blocked. Ostomy Care Ostomy is a surgically created opening, the opening is called a stoma. The person wears a pouch over the stoma to collect feces and flatus.
This is caused by atherosclerosis, which is an accumulation of fatty materials on the inner linings of arteries. Resulting in a blockage, that restricts the blood flow to the heart. A heart attack occurs when the blood flow is completely cut off from the heart. Therefore it is important to keep yourself healthy so you will not have a heart attack. Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women in the U.S.
Describe the healing process of a grade 3 decubitus ulcer. Discuss how aging may affect the process of healing. Decubitus ulcers are also known as pressure sores or bedsores, and can be difficult to define. The most accurate definition of a decubitus ulcer is the “breakdown of skin, usually over a bony prominence, due to compromised blood flow caused by pressure” (National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, 1989). Decubitus ulcers are a common condition affecting the elderly as aging, the process of getting old, causes the skin to change dramatically (Landi et al, 2007).
A myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, is a diseased state in the heart that occurs when the blood supply to a part of the heart has been occluded or interrupted. This results in a state of ischemia in which oxygen shortage to the heart causes damage and potential death of the heart tissue itself (Black & Hawks, 2009). This is considered a medical emergency, and is leading cause of death in both men and women all over the world. Past history can play a major role and important risk factors can include a previous history of vascular diseases such as atherosclerotic coronary heart disease and/or angina, a previously suffered heart attack or stroke, any cases of abnormal heart rhythms and snycopal episodes (Hudson, M., Christenson, R., Newby, L., Kaplan, A., & Ohman, E. 1999). In men over forty and women over fifty, smoking, the abuse of illicit drugs, excessive alcohol consumption, high triglyceride levels, high blood pressure, high LDL and low HDL levels, obesity, and chronically high levels of stress can majorly increase the chances of a myocardial infarction (Black & Hawks, 2009).
When plaque builds up in the arteries, it reduces, or eventually blocks where blood can flow. CAD over time can weaken the heart muscle, cause an irregular heartbeat, cause heart failure, or lead to death. Treatment and prevention are vital to caring for a patient with CAD. Treatment occurs after a patient has been diagnosis with CAD. They have either suffered a myocardial infarction or simply had angina (chest pain) that was evaluated with coronary angiography.
HEART FAILURE This is also referred to as Congestive heart failure. it is a clinical syndrome which occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficient amount of blood to meet the metabolic requirement of the tissue for oxygen. It can also result from structural cardiac abnormalities which impair the ability of the ventricle to fill or eject blood. The heart is weakened and cannot pump enough blood as strongly as before this implies that less oxygen is reaching the organs and muscles which can cause tiredness or shortness of breath. Etiology of cardiac failure: • Systemic hypertension-The most common cause in 75% of cases • Changes in the structure of the heart -changes in the valves causes volume and pressure overload • Disease conditions-valvular