The contributions of the major theorist who worked to develop each theory. C. Define the major principles associated within this theory as they relate to the psychology of learning. D. Summarize how this theory makes use of prior experience in explaining how people learn. E. Describe how this theory explains how permanent change in behavior takes place. F. Apply this theory to a real world setting (schools, treatment facility, business, and social activities).
Welfare is concerned with meeting human needs for such things as food, shelter and clean water, preventing absolute and relative poverty and providing health, education and other services. Pete Alcock (2003) divides welfare provision into four sectors which will be discussed in this essay. The informal sector is informal care provided by friends, relatives or neighbours. The strengths of the informal sector are that it is free and therefore saves money for the state which reduces dependence of the state sector, another strength is that the care is personal and may therefore be tailored to meet the needs of the individual. However there are many disadvantages of informal care as there is no regulation of the competence of training of providers.
These three discourses normalize particular roles and responsibilities for teachers, the ESL department, and ELLs. The objective of the inquiry professional development was to promote instructional changes to benefit ELLs and was negotiated in reshaping by these local discourses. Was the problem documented?
In what ways does ‘Pathways Theory’ inform your understanding of how young people become involved in, and desist from, offending behaviour? Where possible make reference to your own practice. In this assignment I aim to discuss my understanding of ‘Pathways Theory’, its validity and furthermore the way in which it informs practice in predicting recidivism. Elder et al 2001 (cited in France and Homel, p.298) refers to ‘Pathways Theory’ as theoretical and empirical work in the field of life course studies and the developmental sciences, including developmental psychology, life span sociology and psychology, life history research and studies of the life cycle. I aim to highlight how ‘Pathways Theory’ influences the Youth Justice System coupled with the Scaled approach furthermore my knowledge and understanding of offending behaviour as a Youth Offending Officer within my practice, that of my team.
In particular, modeling is complemented through the application of attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation (Engler, 2008). The theorists attributed for the development of social learning theory is Albert Bandura. Through his work, the theory developed from pointing as environment as the sole instrument to shaping behavior through the collaboration of other factors such as cognitive and behavioral factors. The interaction of the three elements provides the necessary process to advance social learning and personality
Reflective account of an Ethical Dilemma and Conflict of Interests. The primary objectives of social work as a profession are to promote social change, problem solving in human relationships and the empowerment and liberation of people to enhance wellbeing (BASW 2002). Utilizing theories of human behavior and social systems, social work intervenes at the point where people interact with their environments; this is underpinned by principles fundamental to social work of human rights and social justice (BASW 2002). Whilst values and principles are central to the social work role (GSCC, 2004), it is difficult to imagine how fully incorporating them into practice can be achieved without thought and consideration of work practice. Therefore reflection can be a key skill to learn and a way of developing working practice which is anti-oppressive as well as empowering for service users.
According to Jones-Smith (2012), Person-centered therapy is founded on two basic hypothesis: (1) Each person has the capacity to understand the circumstances that cause unhappiness and to reorganize his or her life accordingly, and (2) a person’s ability to deal with these circumstances is enhanced if the therapist establishes a warm, accepting, and understanding relationship. (Jones-Smith, 2012, p. 238) In the following discussion learning team B will discuss the use of Rogerian’s person-centered approach as it relates to a multicultural society (Axia, 2014). The articles presented for discussion are (Article 1) Rogers’s Person-Centered Approach: Consideration for Use in Multicultural Counseling by Carol Macdougall (2002) and, (Article 2) Evidence-Based Practice and its Implications for Culturally Sensitive Treatment from the Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development by Gargi Roysircar, G. (2009). Summary of Article 1 In modern society we have come to realize that the therapeutic practices of our past where limited to the needs of one demographic of people. In particular white America.
Theory and techniques will be applied through the window of the case study of John, in an effort to demonstrate the effectiveness of this model in strengthening an individual’s internal sense of control, thereby changing behaviour. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is based around the notion of thoughts leading to how an individual feels and acts, discounting the external environment into a much less important role. A two-way relationship exists between thinking and behaviour, in that thinking can influence behaviour and behaviour can, in turn, influence thinking. The predominant assumption in CBT is that maladaptive behaviours arise not from a stimulus itself, but from the individual’s evaluation or thoughts and feelings about that stimulus. CBT uses a collaborative relationship between client and therapist in a goal oriented, systematic approach with both parties working together to achieve a solution, based on the
Basic research helps expand our knowledge and understanding of the causes and consequences of a problem, whereas applied research involves the pursuit of a program application or policy evaluation (Leon-Guerrero, 2011). Since social science relies on scientific methods to investigate societies and their processes, this opens up for several different variables to the outcomes that we have and the statistics that we gain through these types of research methods. Some of the methods used are, survey research, this is where data is collected by means of mailed surveys, group surveys, in-person interviews, or telephone surveys. A qualitative method, this data is collected by observing natural behavior, which could include participant observation, focus groups or intensive interviewing with open-ended questioning. A historical and comparative method, this data is focused on historical events over a specific time period, comparative involves multiple cases.
Actions learning sets are a useful tool, which can encourage and support such a change. During the process, key personnel gather together to discuss, plan and problem-solve pertinent issues. Outcome management is a user-centric approach for the assessment of programmes that are based on user needs and are designed to achieve change. It is a framework that focuses on the benefits of the programme to the client (outcomes) instead of the inputs and processes of the programme. Outcome management looks at the effectiveness of the programme through the achievement of client successes/ changes as the programme’s outcomes.