CT261 Understanding Mental Health Problems 1.1 Describe the main types of mental ill health according to the psychiatric (DSM/ICD) classification system;- Mood disorders – affects the individual's moods and are more intense and difficult to manage than normal feelings of sadness or mood swings. They include all types of depression and bipolar disorder. Mood disorders are sometimes referred to as affective disorders. Examples include post natal depression which some women experience after giving birth and Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) experienced by some people in autumn and winter when the days are shorter and there is less sunlight. Mood disorders are thought to be caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain.
Symptoms of depression can vary depending on the type of person they may be. Here are some common types of depression; feelings of hopelessness and a pessimistic outlook on life, guilty feelings or feeling worthless, and irritability or thoughts of suicide. People, who have an illness, have trouble admitting they have a problem and require help. Clinical depression is one of the most common types of depression. Chronic illness can also lead to depression.
In fact may have caused other individuals to have depression. On the other hand anyone can suffer from major depressive disorder. The way life has the ability to change can cause major depressive disorder. Major depressive disorder break down using multiaxial system: Axis I: consist of clinical disorders. In the case a person with major depressive disorder may suffer from mood disorders, eating disorders, sleeping disorders and adjustment disorders.
Typically, people with depression find it hard to go about their day-to-day activities and may also feel that life is not worth living. People with depression may take antidepressants, which are psychiatric medication to alleviate symptoms. When taken, antidepressants affect the nervous system in your body, mainly your neurotransmitters. There are several forms of depression. Major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder are the most common.
Hippocrates referred to depression as “melancholia” which translates to “black bile.” His assumption was based on the medical belief of the time that imbalances of the four humors (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile) could account for all mental disorders. Freud later took the stance that depression developed as a result of unconscious or suppressed conflict. Since these historical accounts, the understanding of depressive disorders has progressed. A depressive disorder is now considered to involve a persistent sad mood that interferes with functioning in everyday life and causes changes in bodily functions. Common symptoms include a persistent sad or anxious mood, feelings of guilt, hopelessness, pessimism, or worthlessness, a loss of interest in normally enjoyable activities, sleep disruptions, a decreased or increased appetite, fatigue, suicidal thoughts, irritability, and physical symptoms such as headaches, digestive disorders, and chronic pain (Panzarino, Schoenfield, Lee, & Sheil, 2007).
P3 – Explain factors that may lead to abusive situations Adults most at risk There are certain groups of people who appear to be more vulnerable to, or at risk of, abuse than others. They tend to be people with physical or learning difficulties or mental health problems. This can also include older people and people suffering from dementia because they are in a confused state. People in these groups tend to be more accepting of what happens to them, this could be because they don’t really understand the situation or because of some strong medication they might be taking. Sometimes people in these groups tend to be isolated with limited social networks and low self esteem.
Some of the negative effects are things such as nausea and stomach pains, restlessness and tiredness. Medication can also cause headaches, dizziness and loss of balance. It may affect an individuals sleeping pattern, it may also cause a loss of appetite and tiredness. There are a number of risks associated with the use of anti-psychotic medications for individuals with dementia. These can range from side effects such as restlessness and irritability to becoming addicted to the drug and dependant on others.
PTSD and depression are related psychological conditions. PTSD is a syndrome that develops after a person witnesses, participates, or hears of an extreme traumatic stressor. The reaction to this experience is typically fear and helplessness and ultimately depression as seen in this patient: reliving the events over and over and trying to avoid being reminded of it (Dunphy, Winland-Brown, Porter, & Thomas, 2011). Furthermore, psychosocial and environmental stressors are also known risk factors for depression (National Institute of Mental Health, 2012). Research has shown that stress in the form of loss, especially death of close family members or friends , can trigger depression in vulnerable individuals.
Some people with bipolar disorder become suicidal. Becoming suicidal include such symptoms as talking about: wanting to die, feeling hopeless, helpless, and like a burden to family and friends, abusing alcohol or drugs, and putting oneself in harm’s way (NIMH). Risk of suicide appears to be higher in the course of the illness. Therefore, recognizing bipolar disorder early and learning how best to manage it may decrease the risk of death by suicide (NIMH). Anyone who is thinking about committing suicide needs immediate attention, preferably from a mental health professional or a physician.
These feelings are only temporary and when they wear off the person feels much worse than they did before taking the pills. After prolonged use of narcotics, a persons body will start depending on the pills. If they are not in the system, withdrawal symtoms will occur. Withdrawal symptoms can include runny nose, agitation, nausea, muscle aches, sweating, vomiting, diarrhea,