Stomach The stomach holds food while it is being mixed with enzymes that continue the process of breaking down food. Cells in the lining of the stomach secrete a strong acid and powerful enzyme that are responsible for the breakdown process. When the contents of the stomach are successfully processed, they are released into the small intestine. Small intestine The small intestine has 3 parts; the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum — the small intestine breaks down food using enzymes released by the pancreas and bile from the liver. It moves food through and mixing it with digestive secretions from the pancreas and liver.
Amylase breaks down amylase and amylopectin (which are starches found commonly in foods such as pasta) and converts some of the starch maltose (a disaccharide.) It’s good to chew food so that the saliva can mix with the food and begin the digestive process. Amylase continues to break down starches until the food reaches the stomach where stomach acid neutralizes amylase. After food passes through the stomach and entering the small intestine, the pancreas is signaled to make pancreatic amylase. This amylase converts the remaining starch into maltose.
P4 The digestive system The digestive system is a number of organs which are the mouth, stomach, the small and large intestines, esophagus, and liver. These organs all play a part in breaking down food so that the body can use it for different jobs. Food being broken down and used involves different steps and different organs to be able to do different jobs. The digestive system process begins in the mouth where the teeth and the muscles of the mouth begin the digestive process by breaking down food into smaller pieces. The saliva which is contained in the mouth which is produces by the salivary glands begins to digest the food before the food is even swallowed.
During this process, an enzyme in the saliva secreted by the salivary glands called amylase begins the breakdown of carbohydrates including starch in the bread into simple sugars. The glands secrete mucus, which moistens the hamburger making it easier to chew and swallow. Once the hamburger has been reduced forming a soft mass into a ball called a bolus. The tongue then pushes it to the back of the mouth and into the pharynx. The epiglottis then prevents choking by directing the bolus into the esophagus.
SCI/241 THE SCIENCE OF NUTRITION January13,2012 Human Digestion How the does the digestive system works to absorbs nutrients? Digestion starts with the smell of food, it activates the salivary glands. The gland secret saliva that moistens food, it also contains a digestive enzyme called amylase that breaks down some carbohydrates before it leaves the mouth. Then the food is swallowed and goes into the lumen through the esophagus. The esophagus muscles contractions called peristalsis forces the food through the sphincter valve and into the stomach.
The cooked starch acts as the food, which the caterpillar would eat, and the alpha amylase, which is a digestive enzyme common in saliva, is stirred with it to simulate the chewing and mixing of food and saliva which constitutes the first step in the digestive system. Next two pieces of dialyses tubing were prepared by clamping one end of each piece of tubing shut with a clamp, and twisting the other end until it opens. For the purpose of the experiment, the tubing will represent the intestine of the caterpillar.Continuing on, a clean pipette was used to transfer four pipettes worth of the starch and alpha amylase solution into one of the pieces of tubing, while four pipettes of plain starch was added to the other in order to form a control. Next, two large beakers were filled two thirds of the way with distilled water. Four droppers worth of Lugol’s reagent was added two each beaker.
Support the absorption of carbohydrates and proteins B. accept chyme from the stomach and complete digestion C. Absorbs B12,bile salts, fluids and electrolytes and secretes enzyemes that further break down carbohydrates and proteins 14. Slow the passage of food along the intestines and increase surface for absorption 15. A. Absorbs B12,bile salts, fluids and electrolytes and secretes enzyemes that further break down carbohydrates and proteins B. Creates a space for liquids to empty into C. Move waste up and out of the body D. Absorbs water from stool E. Absorbs water from stool and stores food that will be emptied into the rectumlts F. Moves stool into rectum 16. Secretes pancreatic juice, insulin, glucagon, duodenum, and somatostatin into the bloodstream.
Produces essential proteins and clotting factors for the blood and regulates metabolism and cholesterol. Gall Bladder – Stores bile secreted by liver. Bile is used to help dissolve fats in the small intestine. Pancreas – Functions both as an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland. Exocrine portion secretes digestive enzymes carried to the duodenum.
_____ Glucagon acts by raising blood sugar levels; insulin acts by lowering blood sugar levels. 46. _____ Secretin is released by the small intestine due to the presence of acid and leads to bicarbonate release from the gall bladder. 47. _____ CCK is released by the stomach due to the presence of fats and leads to bile release from the pancreas.
2.) Explain how mucus affects the air we breathe or the food we eat. -mucus helps control infection and protects the stomach lining and acids. 3.) Name the organ systems involved when you eat a slice of pizza.