These are the only veins which carry oxygenated blood. The Systemic Circulation: The systemic or general circulation constitutes the circulation of blood from the left ventricle through the main artery, the aorta to all the parts of the body and is again returned to the right side of the heart by the superior and inferior Venacava. Oxygenated blood leaves the left ventricle through the aorta which branches and reaches every part of the body supplying 02 and nourishment to the body tissues. Similarly the deoxygenated blood is carried through the veins which eventually forms superior and inferior Venacava and gets poured into the right artrium of the heart. Portal
Blood from the left side of the body is also making its way to the lower lobe of the lung from this route. The inferior vena cava is the largest vein in the body. This vein will dump us into the right atrium of the heart. Look! I can already see the heart.
The Pericardium – is the outer layer of the heart. The heart consist four types of chambers, which are: The right atrium The left atrium The left ventricle The right ventricle The right and left atrium are the upper chamber of the heart (atria) and the left and right ventricle are the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles). A muscular wall called the septum separates the right and left sides of the heart. Each chamber con-sist a valve. A valve prevents the backflow of blood.
The arteries carry nutrients and oxygenated blood to the body’s tissues. The veins return de-oxygenated blood to the heart, where the cycle repeats itself continuously. However the blood vessels have a closed type of cardiovascular system in which blood doesn’t come in direct contact with the body tissues. Instead the blood flows in restricted pathways called blood vessels. The blood vessels are pathways of blood flow in the body.
The contractions occur one after another to make a heartbeat. The many valves such as the tricuspid and mitral valves control the flow of blood from each chamber. Blood flow through the heart starts when the right atrium takes the blood that flows in through the superior or inferior vena cava. The right atrium then fills with blood and pressure causes tricuspid valve to open. The blood then goes into the right ventricle where it contracts the blood into the pulmonary arteries.
The wave passes to the atrioventricular node where it is passed down the septum down specialised fibres known as the bundle of His. This occurs after a short delay to allow all the blood to flow from the atria to the ventricles. This wave passes down the bundle of His to the Apex of the heart where the Ventricles contract upward, pumping blood out of the ventricles into the pulmonary artery and aorta through the semilunar valves. Here the blood is then passed round the body where it
Blood is then carried back to the heart through the venules and then followed by the veins. Blood provides the fluid environment for the body’s cells and it is transported in specialised tubes called blood vessels. The heart acts like a pump, which keeps the blood circulating around the body in a constant circuit. This system consists of the heart, blood vessels, blood, lymphatic and lymph. The main functions of the blood are to transport, defence, regulation and clotting.
It forms from the joining of the two common iliac veins about the level of the umbilicus on the right side of the fifth lumbar vertebra. On its way up to the heart, inferior vena caca collects blood from kidneys and all the organs of the abdomen, penetrates the diaphragm and drains into the right atrium (Yahoo Health, 2012). The inferior vena cava carries de-oxygenated blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium of the heart. Blood from the right atrium then goes to the right ventricle via the tricuspid valve. From the right ventricle arises the pulmonary trunk which later divides in to the right and left pulmonary arteries.
They tend to enlarge following vigorous exercise, a phenomenon called muscular hypertrophy and are located around the body. Conversely, cardiac muscle is confined only to the heart, its main role being to distribute blood. Its myogenic nature means contractions are under involuntary control and cause prevention from fatigue. The natural beating rhythm is adjusted via sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons of the CNS to suit physiological conditions. The function of these muscles is closely related to their structure and any differences in structure allow these two types of muscle to be identified.
P4: Explain the physiology of two named body systems in relation to energy metabolism in the body. Cardiovascular System This system transports materials to the liver and body cells through the bloodstream that is pumped by the heart. Blood Blood is a liquid tissue made up of; plasma, platelets, white and red blood cells and is necessary for every part of the body. The blood contains many different materials and cells and there is fluid called plasma which contains many substances dissolved in it. Plasma carries food from the stomach to cells but carries waste from the cells to the kidneys and intestine.