Like many industrial cities in the nineteenth century, Manchester fell to many problems pertaining the lives and wellbeing of its inhabitants. Living conditions were dire, and workers were working long hours with minimal pay. It was not until the 1832 Reform Bill and the Hours of Labor and Factories Act in 1844 that conditions were able to improve and Manchester was able to prosper. Although the industrialization of Manchester was cardinal for the modernization of man, Manchester’s growth also raised many issues in society. Technological advancements, quality of everyday life, and poor working conditions became major issues raised by the growth of Manchester, and people reacted to these issues in both negative and positive ways.
However, Gramsci argues that the ruling class domination can be overthrown where a classless communist society will be replaced. This is where the means of production benefits the society as a whole (equality). But in order to do so, working class must become conscious with the reality of their oppression. Gramsci refers to this as hegemony. Working class can develop ideas to challenge Proletariat hegemony through ‘dual consciousness’.
Adam Smith lived through a mercantile system, which he highly opposed therefore the idea of a free market system seemed to be the best solution in a time period before the industrial revolution. Unlike Smith, Marx had personal accounts of the industrial revolution, therefore he would have “anticipated the high- technology, global interests of modern institutions, dangers of consuming non- renewable natural resources and the issue of post industrial unemployment.” Both tried to create a system where everyone could be happy but their views on capitalism as the better political system conflicted. Karl Marx’s and Adam Smith’s views on capitalism differed in terms of the division of labour, competition and the class structure in society. “The trade of the pin- maker: a workman not educated to this business (which the division of labour has rendered a distinct trade), nor acquainted with the use of the machinery employed in it (to the
He identified in the industrial society of his time there were two social classes. The bourgeoisies/ capitalists, these were the small powerful group who owned factories and the employments and the proletariat. A much larger poorer group of ‘worker’ the people employed by capitalists. These were called the proletariat. His view was basically seen as social class would always be in conflict and owners would want higher profit and the workers would want higher wages.
At this time in history the King had absolute control and exercised a heavy tax on the lower class and expected a great deal of work with no ability to have a voice. It is because of these actions by the king and society that the people demanded liberty, creating riots, storming’s, and battles in an effort to change their lifestyle. There are many influences for the desire for equality found in the French Revolution. Originally it is seen at the beginning as the people were separated into classes with very different expectations and responsibilities. Those with a nobility and clergy titles had fewer taxes and lighter burdens; whereas those placed in the commoner class were the workers, providers and
Marxists believe the ruling class (bourgeoisie) have all the power and wealth over the working class (proletariat). They believe the only way to change the economic structure and class inequality is to become a communist society, where everyone is finally equal. Marxists believe that a communist society would be the perfect world as everyone would have what they need, and there would be no need for conflict between classes. Marx explains that for communism to overthrow capitalism the proletariat must overthrow the bourgeoisie, which means removing the false consciousness which allows them to think that class inequality is acceptable and replacing it with class consciousness where workers become aware of the inequality. Marxists also think society is in a constant state of hegemony, which is the balance in the struggle for power between different social groups, this is support for the idea that society exists in a state of conflict, as hegemony is the idea that minority social groups are constantly fighting against, and being oppressed by the dominant ideology in society, in Britain the dominant ideology is led by white middle class males, which means anyone who is not a white middle class male is oppressed by their dominant ideology.
Young proves that exploitation is a common type of oppression in our society. Exploitation has to do with the difference between the wealth that workers create through their labor power and the actual wages that workers get paid. It is built into the market economy such as bosses wanting to increase profit by lowering wages. This shows the difference between what hard working laborers make and how much money the employer is receiving. Marginalization refers to being left out of the labor market regarding those who are unable to get and keep steady employment due to disabilities, conditions, or poverty.
Once these students have completed their studies, they will revisit their countries and use their education effectively in improving standards of living and try to avoid dependence on communism. The Historical Development of Communism: Communism was a system that was anticipated by two Germans known as Karl Max and Friedrich Engels who published a popular book titled ‘The Communist Manifesto’ In ‘The Communist Manifesto’, Max and Engels stated that:  Proletariats (also called the workers) were oppressed by those who controlled money and invested in businesses (also known as the capitalist)  Whilst capitalists made large profits and income, most workers received very poor wages and lived in ghastly conditions, swelling the space between the poverty and wealth .  This unfair condition must not continue and would predictably lead to a communist uprise.  The workers would cause the downfall of the capitalists. Following this, a new society would form with social equality and equal rights and
They appropriate this excess or surplus value by exploiting the labour as profit. Thus profit, according to Marx, is nothing but legalised robbery. Marxian socialism, therefore, seeks to root out this capitalistic system of production. Marx's second proposition is based on the materialistic and dialectical interpretation of history. This explains the practical means and process, which govern the inevitable transition from capitalism to
Our society exemplifies a society where both capitalism and democracy coexist the problem is the majority of individual of this nation are unhappy with their economic situation. These are individuals who view their own personal property to be sacred while they want the properties of the rich to be taken by the government. They want to hold sacred the property of the poor while the property of wealthy are taken by the government. This is based upon a view of jealousy since these individuals don’t have as much as the affluent. If we continue along such a mislead path we will only bring about more pain.