Emotional Intelligence history When psychologists began to write and think about intelligence, they initially focused on cognitive aspects, such as memory and problem-solving. However, some researchers recognized the importance of non-cognitive aspects early on: • Robert Thorndike was writing about social intelligence in 1937, • David Wechsler defined intelligence as the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his environment (Wechsler, 1958, p. 7). Already in 1940 Wechsler referred to non-intellective as well as intellective elements (Wechsler, 1940), by which he meant affective, personal, and social factors. Furthermore, already in 1943 Wechsler was proposing that the non-intellective abilities are essential for predicting ones ability to succeed in life. • Howard Gardner began to write about multiple intelligence in 1983.
Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences Denise Mack PSY/300 General Psychology October 16, 2011 Professor Bowen Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences is in contrast to the theory that intelligence is a single cognitive intelligence measured using the psychometric approach. Gardner’s theory is more personalized and customized making it a much broader view of intelligence. While there are many forms of intelligence included in his theory, Gardner focuses on eight specific areas. The Eight Intelligences Howard Gardner’s approach is to identify a person’s strengths to show what areas of intelligence they excel in rather than focus on how smart a person is. His eight areas of intelligence are as follows: musical, bodily/kinesthetic, spatial, linguistic or verbal, logical/mathematical, naturalist, interpersonal, and intrapersonal.
With this theory in mind each of the eight intelligences would have to be tested. Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligence conflicts with the traditional IQ test because a person can have high intelligence in area and still display great skill at something despite having low intelligence in another area. For example, a person with high logical/mathematical may be a great accountant despite only having only average interpersonal intelligence. The traditional measures of IQ is bias leaning toward skills valued in technologically advanced societies, leaving the human history of musical, spatial, and bodily intelligences to more highly valued. Gardner’s view is that people have multiple intelligences because they have multiple neural modules (Kowalski & Westen, 2009, Chapter eight).
A numerical pattern ? Chances are, at least one of these methods works for you ,if you consider yourself an average , schooled individual. The reason for this is explained by the Multiple Intelligence Theory. The MI theory states that intelligence is differentiated into specific modalities rather than the traditional notion of seeing intelligence dominated by a single general ability. This theory was propounded by Howard Gardner in 1983 through his book Frames of Mind:Theory of Multiple Intelligences.
A persons level of intelligence is significantly decided by tests that measure an individual’s capabilities and their general intelligence (g factor), along with Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligence. It is supposed that there are standardized tests which measure how smart an individual is and the level of skills they possess along with the successful rate within their society. The explanations of intelligence are defined as a mixture of learning, understanding, and ability. The question that we are presented with today is Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences versus general intelligence, Who is in agreement and who is not? The theory of multiple intelligences was developed by Howard Gardner.
Howard Gardner viewed intelligence as 'the capacity to solve problems or to fashion products that are valued in one or more cultural setting' (Gardner & Hatch, 1989). Gardner initially formulated a list of seven intelligences and claimed that they rarely operate independently. They are used at the same time and tend to complement each other as people develop skills or solve problems.” The seven intelligences are as follows: Logical-mathematical intelligence entails the ability to detect patterns, reason deductively and think logically. This intelligence is most often associated with scientific and mathematical thinking. Linguistic intelligence involves having a mastery of language.
Can intelligence change? To what extent is intelligence malleable? Extended Essay: Psychology Name: Candidate number: School: Nörre Gymnasium Word count: 37811 Abstract This essay investigated the research question: To what extent is intelligence malleable? It was necessary to start by presenting the debate on defining intelligence since there is not a complete consensus among psychologists, however, this paper accepted a definition which is generally accepted by respected psychologists; that ‘intelligence is the ability to deal with cognitive complexity’ (Gottfredson, 1998). In presenting and analysing empirical evidence such as Howe (1997) supporting the thesis that intelligence can, in fact, change under the right conditions and given enough time, a strong indication of malleability is provided.
Howard Gardner seven stages of intelligences Howard Gardner viewed intelligence as the ability to unscramble problems; he believed that psychometrics or IQ tests could not calculate a person’s intelligence. Howard Gardner supposed that every human being possesses different ways to learn and process information. He defines intelligence as the capacity to decipher problems and his theory states that learning is rooted within genetic sources. Gardner argues that there are particular sites in the brain, in control of these individual intelligences. These intelligences accompany each other and operate simultaneously which enables a person to develop skills and assist with solving problems.
Language impairment can be influenced by brain damage (Toates, 2010). This, Gall cited in Toates, (2010), was able to conclude from his studies of normal individuals and those whose behaviour deviated from the norm. He argued that different parts of the outer regions of the brain serve different roles or functions (localisation). These he related back to the control of cognitive processes, characteristics and behaviour. Additionally he identified that different regions of the brain interact or work together to enable a process.
This paper will evaluate the usefulness of the psychometric approach for understanding personality and human intelligence. Psychometric tests were first created in order to objectively measure intelligence and personality (Eysenck, 1994; Hayes, 2000; Hothersall, 2004; Engler, 2009). As such, it can be said that the psychometric approach for understanding personality and human intelligence is useful as it enables psychological researchers to quantitatively measure intelligence and personality in a scientific manner. Furthermore, such an approach allows for individuals be to placed in categories based on definable characteristics, which better allows psychological research on different subjects, as participants of psychological research can be more easily assigned to different groups or conditions. Thus, the psychometric approach for