Decreasing the Risk of Falls in the Patient with Parkinson’s Disease Cathy Hanes RN, BSN Kent State University Contact Information Cathy Hanes Address: 447 Ninth Street Struthers, OH 44471 Phone: (330) 301-3672 Email address: chanes@kent.edu Abstract The leading cause of serious injury and death of older Americans are falls. On average 30% of people over the age of sixty five fall at least one time per year, and this percentage continues to increase with age. People with Parkinson’s disease are twice as likely to fall and have recurrent falls as other older people. These falls can result in serious injuries such as hip fractures and head trauma, a fear of falling, decreased mobility, and decline in functional ability and quality of life. Understanding the risk for falls for people with Parkinson’s disease and use of appropriate fall interventions as delineated in The American Geriatrics Society AGS/BGS Clinical Practice Guideline: Prevention of Falls in Older Persons can help maintain the functional ability, increased independence and overall quality of life.
With senile dementia, you may have little or no awareness of cognitive problems and you may not know what a car key is or may put it in an inappropriate place. The most common form of senile dementia is Alzheimer’s disease. Senile dementia is often used when referring to individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. According to Rabins (2008), “Older age is the strongest risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. The likelihood of developing the disease doubles every 5 years after the age of 65.” In the early stages of Alzheimer’s or senile dementia, short-term memory is affected first.
CAliforniA Alzheimer’s stAtistics In the United States, an estimated 5.4 million people are living with Alzheimer’s disease, including at least 800,000 who live alone. Unless something is done to change the trajectory of the disease, as many as 16 million Americans will have Alzheimer’s by 2050. The cost of caring for people with Alzheimer’s and other dementias is estimated to total $200 billion in 2012 and is projected to increase to $1.1 trillion per year (in today’s dollars) by mid-century. Number of People Aged 65 and Older with Alzheimer’s by Age Year 65–74 75–84 85+ Total % change from 2000 2000 2010 2020 2025 28,000 24,000 36,000 44,000 240,000 220,000 250,000 320,000 180,000 230,000 270,000 300,000 440,000 480,000
Severity of motor (involuntary movement) and phonic (involulntary noise) abnormalities usually peak early with a reduction of symptoms noticed around age 20 for most people, but severe cases may start in adulthood (Leckman, 2002). Tourette's syndrome is associated with a variety of other mental health disorders including depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and other anxiety disorders. TS are more common in males than females at a ratio of 4 to 1 and more common in Caucasian than African American or Hispanics (Enwefa, 2006). Currently there is no official number of people with TS, but it is estimated that about 100,000 Americans have it (Crews, 2000). There is no known cause of TS, but researcher's have focused on the possibility of chemical imbalance causing abnormal neurotransmission of brain signals (Kozarek, 1992).
Dementia is severe loss of social and intellectual ability that interferes with their activities of daily living. There is about ten percent of the elderly population who suffer a type of dementia, in which many people will be a victim to Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease is one of the common causes of dementia in the elderly (Bassil & Grossberg, 2009). It affects an estimated 5.1 million people over the age of 65 and expected to increase by 2050 (Bassil & Grossberg, 2009). Those with this condition need extra assistance in
The E2 form seems to decrease the risk of Alzheimer disease, E4 increases the risk. The presence of an E4 gene only means that the risk of Alzheimer disease is increased. It doesn’t predict the disease in a person who doesn’t have any symptoms of Alzheimer disease, and that as many as 50 percent of people with two E4 genes will not develop the disease. The association of E4 and Alzheimer disease is weak in very old people, where the risk of Alzheimer disease is very high because of advanced age. Some research suggest that most people with one E3 gene and E4 gene will not get the disease Other researchers Shiver(2011) suggested that Alzheimer disease is not considered as a genetic disease because no single gene determines if an individual will develop the illness.
Early onset appears before the age of 60 and is less common than late onset but gets worse quicker. Late onset is more common and occurs in people over 60. As of now there is no known cause of Alzheimer’s but certain genes
Discuss the following common chronic conditions: heart disease, cancer, and AIDS. Chronic diseases are considered to be diseases that have a long lasting effect on ones life. The conditions are even greater in an older persons life more so than in a younger individual. Long term chronic health conditions last longer than 3 months, are often permanent with no cure leaving a residual disability that may require long-term management or care rather than a cure (cite book). According to the text more than 80 percent of persons age 70 and over have at lest one chronic condition with multiple health problems occurring in 50 percent of the older population (cite text).
The risk of inheriting schizophrenia ranges from about 10% for those who have one first-degree family member (mother, father, sister, brother) with the disease to about 40%-65% if the disease affects both parents and an identical twin. However,
The decline of falls in the third quarter of 2009 in which the goal was reached with 0 falls; however, the other three quarters the goal was not met because there was 5.97 to 9.19 reported falls. The percentage of patients who were at risk and on fall prevention protocols ranged from 80 to 100. Nursing Plan The elderly