How effectively does the judiciary protect civil liberties in the UK? The UK judiciary has several methods at its disposal that provide an effective protection of civil liberties in the UK. However, in practice there are several shortcomings that make these protections weak in the face of Parliamentary pressure, which will be demonstrated in this essay. In terms of rights protections, perhaps the most important development in the protection of rights in the UK has been the installation of the European Convention on Human Rights into UK law via the Human Rights Act 1998. This act effectively has provided a concrete document that outlines the rights of citizens.
This is an effective check because when minister have their question time the opposition should be ready to criticize and demand answers. This ensures that a Government is credible and held accountable. If not, an unchallenged government can make mistakes. The Commons are also play as a check point for legislation. Most of the UK’s legislation originates from the government.
This essay looks to discuss Parliamentary sovereignty as a constitutional relic and will argue that it has not been rendered obsolete by the supremacy of European law. This will be done by examining the relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union. It will further argue that although the United Kingdom’s statutory recognition of the Human Rights Act 1998, in response to the convention of HR, may be seen to limit the supremacy of Parliament, it will prove that Parliament still reigns supreme. It will highlight that the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty is a relevant and crucial doctrine within the United Kingdom’s constitution as it is essential for parliament to enact statutory law. This essay, taking all the above arguments into consideration, will conclude that Parliamentary sovereignty is very much alive within the UK constitution.
How effectively does Congress undertake its oversight of the Executive branch? The constitution does not explicitly grant Congress oversight responsibility. But it does give Congress the power to make laws, and over the years oversight of the executive branch has come to be seen as an implied power of Congress. Dictionaries define "oversight" as "watchful care," and this approach has proven to be one of the most effective techniques that Congress has adopted to influence the executive branch. Congressional oversight prevents waste and fraud; protects civil liberties and individual rights; ensures executive compliance with the law; gathers information for making laws and educating the public; and evaluates executive performance.
1. To stipulate that although government use other languages, to be legally binding and authoritative e.g. “official, “it must act or communicate in the English language. 2. To clarify that whenever there is a conflict in meaning between government laws, regulations, or pronouncements issued in more than one language, the English version is the authoritative one.
In doing so, the author will cover the following areas: Are the goals and objective long-term or short-term; are the goals and objectives manifest or latent; determine which are objectives and which are goals; evaluate the agency’s goals and objectives for one specific program. Chamber and Wedel (2005) stated, “It is important to grasp the goals and objectives of a program so as to answer the question: What is the purpose of this program or policy” (Chap. 4, p.63). It is very important for an organization to explain their goals and objectives clearly. HUD does this very well.
The most convincing argument for this case is the adaptability built into the constitution through ambiguous language and elastic clauses. The amendment process though strict does allow for the constitution to be changed to better fit contemporary circumstances, and the 18th and 21st amendments considering prohibition have shown that even the amendment process is able to change and repair ill considered amendments. The elastic clause, in article 1 of the constitution also allows for any laws to be passed as long as they are necessary and proper in executing the will of the constitution, it was this that allowed Bush junior to pass the patriot act and other anti terrorism legislation in the wake of 9/11. Also Judicial review, 1st established in the 1803 Marbury vs Madison case has allowed case law to be implemented to alter the inflection of the constitution, without changing the actual words, for example the cruel and unusual punishments phrase in the 8th amendment has been interpreted in some states to to forbid the death penalty. This difference between the state's government and the federal government has also allowed for the constitution to keep up to date by allowing a strong prosperous nation in which states could craft their own legislation which can be modern and specific, such as the way that Massachusetts was the first state to allow gay
This includes presenting “clear and convincing evidence” as the level of proof that must be offered in order for the plaintiff to win the case (Clear and Convincing Evidence Law & Legal Definition, n.d.). Clear and convincing is also defined as the evidence that proves a matter by preponderance of the evidence that is required in civil cases (Clear and Convincing Evidence Law & Legal Definition, n.d.). Since the Priority Consideration under Article 22, Section 13 is included by the parties as a
Historical context pertains to logos, which appeal to the reader’s common sense and beliefs. This tool is important because it brings the reader to feel confident that English has been, and will continue to be, spread across the world. The author states specific examples in history that have promoted language growth and links them to the same factors pertaining to English. Crystal makes his point that "A language has traditionally become an international language for one chief reason: the power of its people- especially their political and military power." (355).
They may consist of either one chamber called unicameral or two chambers which are known as bicameral. A bicameral assembly has many advantages; the second chamber can check the power of the first chamber and both chambers can effectively check the power of the executive to expose any failings of the government. Second chambers also act as a constitutional safeguard, delaying the passage of controversial legislation and allowing discussion and debate (Heywood, 2004, p.321). The second chamber can ensure that legislation is more thoroughly scrutinized, by relieving the burden of the first chamber and can rectify any mistakes and oversights. However, there also some drawbacks to the bicameral system because it can make the legislative process unnecessarily complex and difficult.