“Social structural perspective is a sociological perspective that emphasizes how a person’s social location in society influences their behavior” (Fuller, John, 2011). In this case regarding the Pelican Bay Prison, the location (the prison) causes the prisoners to develop more criminological tendencies and behavior. Gangs, in general, cause an individual to become more deviant and violent. This video supports the idea of social structure theory due to the environment changing the individual, and them being content with the lifestyle. Members of gangs enter the prison to be a part of an even bigger organization, and to gain the skills they need to have an even larger contribution within the gang
Institutional aggression can be defined as aggressive behaviour that occurs within an institution motivated by social forces, rather than anger or frustration. Aggression can occur within groups or between groups. Sometimes the members of an institution may adopt aggressive behaviour, for example inmates in a prison may form into gangs that commit violence against other inmates, or members of a work force may bully other workers. Of interest to psychologists is whether or not institutional aggression is caused by the personalities of the institution’s members, or by the situation the members find themselves in. A lot of research into institutional aggression has focused on aggressive behaviour in prisons, and has led to the development of two theories: the importation model and the deprivation model.
Unlike for males who would bond as team which lead to like a prison gang in the prison. Male prisoners are usually the same as female prisoner in ethnic, race and age. Female’s backgrounds are substantially more likely to be serving time because of drug offense, a man but, less likely for a violent crime. Now males are typically are in prison for violent crimes than women. This is why maximum security prison is mainly with men than women.
* According to this theory, interpersonal violence is not a product of the institution itself, but rather the characteristics of the individuals in the institution * Younger rather than older individuals are said to have a more difficult time adjusting in prisons and therefore are more likely to clash with other inmates – Adams 1981 * Research shown that black inmates when compared to white, are more likely to be associated with interpersonal violence – explanation is that black prisons enter the prisons from more impoverished communities with higher rates of violent crime – thus, import the violence due to cultural norms. * Deprivation model – Claims that the violence is due to the institution itself rather than the individuals. This model argues that it is the experience of imprisonment that causes the inmates extreme stress and frustration and which in turn leads to violence and aggression * Harer and Steffenmeier – Argue that the reasoning for inmate’s behaviour is due to the problems of
Unit 12 2.1explain how individuals experience discrimination due to misinformation The attitudes people have towards those of us with mental health problems mean it is harder for them to work, make friends and in short, live a normal life. -People become isolated -They are excluded from everyday activities -It is harder to get or keep a job -People can be reluctant to seek help, which makes recovery slower and more difficult -Their physical health is affected. This is because society in general has stereotyped views about mental illness and how it affects people. Many people believe that people with mental ill health are violent and dangerous, when in fact they are more at risk of being attacked or harming themselves than harming other people.
HELLHOLE Journalist and author Atul Gawande in his article “Hellhole.” He wrote the United States is holding thousands of inmates in long term solitary confinement, which he states is “torture.” Because of their environment, and the length of time being in isolation, some of which became mentally ill. In fact he states, “We are social in a more elemental way: simply to exist as a normal human being requires interaction with other people.” Gawande also states, “The main argument for using long-term isolation in prisons is to provide discipline and prevent violence,” but study done in 2003 by analysis
Also the prisoners may have being individualized because they are now a part of a group and will conform to their group; this can be an example of a dispositional explanation because they may earn respect from other prisoners within their group. A behaviourist explanation can also explain this situation as they would say that prison contains role models which other prisoners can be vicariously taught through the social learning theory. However this experiment is only in the USA which makes it ethnocentric and cannot apply for those living in other countries and those with different cultural views. Men are predominantly more aggressive according to a biological explanation which states that high levels of testosterone can be linked to aggression. This was researched by Clare 2000.
The hate crime can be brutal such as lynchings. People will join groups because of all the anger they have build up on the inside, this makes them feel inferior. Hate crimes are crimes committed against a particular race and ethnic group. Victims are beleaguered because of their race and
Not only does overcrowding leave a lack of proper health care for all inmates, but also leaves unsanitary conditions in the prison. Richard Seiter states, “Inmates often complain about overcrowding and poor overall conditions of confinement (poor food, lack of satisfactory health care, unsanitary conditions) that can result from overcrowding or from simple neglect by prison officials” (p.463). Overcrowding leads to the sewers becoming overloaded. When the prison sewers and wastewater systems can result in the discharge of waste past the maximum capacity. This would result in sewage spills and environmental contamination.
How does it violate human rights and dignity? How does it relate to Psychology? Sex trafficking is a complex problem because the victims experience both physical and psychological harm. The traffickers use physical violence as a way to dominate and control their victims. Some of the tactics they employ include starvation, beatings, rape, and gang rape.