The therapies based on the psychodynamic approach are dream analysis, free association and projective tests. They aim to uncover parts of the unconscious mind, and as its brought forward, to help the client deal with and accept these unconscious thoughts and desires. Dream analysis involves the client keeping a record of their dreams to then discuss them with their therapist. The therapist then analyses these dreams on the basis that everything in your dreams has a manifest and latent meaning, and that imagery in dreams comes from our unconscious minds. For example, a therapist may long pointy objects in a dream latent meaning is related to male genitalia.
This essay aims at evaluating the role of these theories in the hypnobehavioral treatments of unwanted habits and anxiety conditions. Contributions of Behavioral Therapy to Clinical Hypnosis Behavioral modification through therapy in hypnosis is highly effective since hypnosis encourages learning. As a result, hypnotherapy is more effective than behavior therapy as it does not rely on repetition. Hypnotherapy increases suggestibility since it occurs in the unconscious mind, thereby bypassing some of the most critical conscious interferences. Employment of behavioral therapies is more effective in clinical hypnosis than in vivo as it enables the patient to achieve greater depths of relaxation.
He also linked some childhood desires with the development of ones personality. The psychoanalytic theory is founded on the basis that there are inner forces that influence ones behavior unconsciously. This theory was developed after a thorough observation of people’s behavior where Sigmund conducted case studies. Feud argued that human mind can be divided three parts; the conscious mind, the preconscious mind and the unconscious mind. According to Asch M (2004), the conscious mind includes the things that we are aware of.
Sigmund Freud was the first to challenge the view that mental disorders were caused by physical illness and proposed that psychological factors were responsible for the illness. The psychodynamic approach highlights the importance of the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences. Psychodynamic psychologist’s attempt to deal with the mental health issues of their patients by incorporating these ideas and creating therapies using these ideas. The basic concept behind psychoanalysis is that a patient that suffers from mental health problems such as depression can address any regressed feelings thus, the patient gains insight of and can learn to work through their emotional baggage. It is a generalised concept that if the cause of the symptoms were tackled it would only be logical that the symptoms would then cease.
For example, one of the main constituents of a phobia is generally described as being where the ‘anxiety causes interference with the functioning of a normal life’, but what if different doctors had different ideas of what a normal life was? You would be classed as phobic by one and not by the other. Another main issue relating to the classification of phobias is the fact that an anxiety disorder may present differently in different cultures, so it is not universalisable. For example, in Japan people can get diagnosed with phobias of offending people through one’s own awkwardness, but in Western countries this doesn’t exist. This is probably because in Japan there
This can then lead to abnormal behaviour in the future. For example, a person fixated on the anal stage is usually described as being very obsessive and particulate. An advantage of the psychodynamic approach is that it shows the importance of childhood experiences in being mentally healthy. It also shows how abnormal behaviour can be a result of unconscious conflict, which is why a person may not understand why they’re behaving a certain way or why different therapies aren’t working for them. A criticism of the approach is that it isn’t scientific or researched.
Value and cost of information. Competent marketing researchers show concern for estimating the value of information against its cost. Value/cost evaluation helps the marketing research department determine which research projects to conduct, which research designs to use, and whether to gather more information after the initial results are in. Research costs are typically easy to quantify, while the value is harder to anticipate. The value depends on the reliability and validity of the research findings and management's willingness to accept and act on its findings.
This produces a feeling of pleasure and because it makes you feel good you continue the activity. If the drug is taken for long enough it leasds to down regulation and the good feeling is reduced. This leads to withdrawl symptons . now the drug Is taken to avoid feeling bad. Stopping is hard as the addcitive substance alters thinking patterns in the brain o drug use continues even though they know no reward is coming.
Discuss explanations of sleepwalking Introduction: Sleepwalking (somnambulism) is a condition where walking and sleeping occur at the same time, there are 3 explanations of sleepwalking: psychodynamic, neural and genetic. AO1 Psychodynamic: The psychodynamic theory suggests that sleepwalking is the expression of unresolved conscious conflicts. The sleepwalker is, in effect, ‘acting out’ repressed conflicts. The later finding that sleepwalking occurs during SWS was seen to support the psychodynamic theory, since the conditions of SWS are ideal for this to happen – the likelihood of recalling harmful repressed memories is minimal during this phase of sleep. AO2 Psychodynamic: The psychodynamic explanation of sleepwalking is supported by a case study (Abrams), it was suggested that the sleepwalking of the woman was a cry for help – the stealing being the reflection of her need to take control of her life.
Psychodynamic Personality Theories: An Analysis Psychodynamic Personality Theories: An Analysis The psychodynamic theories of personality are a collection of theories that developed from Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis, and just as Freud’s theory, the psychodynamic theories give ample emphasis to unconscious processes, and the effects of early childhood experiences into personality formation (Hockenbury & Hockenbury, 2006). The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief analysis on the strengths and limitations of the psychodynamic theories of personality as it explains individual behavior. The following include as well the answers of how psychodynamic theories affect individual personalities, the influences of such assumptions on interpersonal relationships. Effects of Psychodynamic Theories on Personality Psychodynamic theories focus on human personalities. The psychodynamics theories of personality developed from Sigmund Freud’s thoughts and believes, which mainly focuses on human drives such as sexual and aggressive drives (C, 2006).