There’s evidence to prove that anxiety and stress has a conflicting effect on a witnesses recall. It’s said that high levels of stress and anxiety can either have a positive or negative effect on recall. A survey done by Christianson and Hubinette (1993) found that 58 witnesses who had been threatened during bank robberies has more detailed and accurate recall of events that those not threatened, even after 15 month. Although this is a survey it has ecological validity as it was conducted in a real life situation. This research suggests that if a person is threatened which will increase stress and anxiety levels, they are more likely to remember.
He thinks after you have thought about it you send it, so you might speak or sign it to someone, which then the other person ‘receives’ your message who then decodes it and if all goes good they will understand. If the other person were to want to carry on the communicating they would either give feedback using the same process or they would reflect to show they understood. Tuckman’s stages of group interaction; Bruce Tuckman is a psychologist who researched into the theory of group dynamics. In 1965 he suggested that most groups have a 4 stage process whilst communicating to reach maximum effectiveness, these were: 1. Forming 2.
Outside of the U.S., a much smaller percentage of students attend college. Half of the students who enroll in college do not complete their degree. Secondary schools are primarily designed to prepare students who are planning to attend college, and are not nearly as good at preparing students for a career that does not include college. Having degree is a screening device for future employers. The college you got into says a lot about your ability and how a student stuck it out for four years, but the degree itself doesn’t qualify the graduate for anything.
(Grant and Terry. pp. 509, 2008) Lastly, the administrative crime analysis will focus on the providing data and specific statistics to help police managers.
Discuss the use of the cognitive interview in obtaining evidence from eyewitnesses. (12 marks) A cognitive interview is a police technique made for interviewing witnesses of crimes. The cognitive interview encourages them to recreate the scenario of what originally happened to increase the accessibility of stored information; this makes it more likely for the witness to remember more accurate details of the event. Cognitive interviews are important to improve the effectiveness of questioning witnesses and to be able to apply psychological findings to these real life situations. The cognitive interview had been developed by Fisher and Geiselman in 1992.
Cognitive interview outline and evaluate In the year 1992 Fisher and Geiselem wrote about cognitive interview. This has four main parts, in which the first main part is report, everything. This is where the witness has to say everything that has happened at the scene. An example of this would be if a child got hurt at school the teacher would have to report everything they had seen and also keep a record of it in a logbook. Second main part is context reinstatement, this helps witnesses jog their memory and create the environment and feelings of the incident mentally.
Perception The Role Perception Plays in Decision Making Tracey Redmann Axia College of University of Phoenix Perception 2 What is perception? Before looking at the role perception plays in the decision making process one should have a clear understanding of what perception is. According to Oxford Reference Online Premium (2009), perception is: The faculty of acquiring sensory experience. Study of the processes by which we gather and interpret visual information is largely the province of social psychologists, who have identified several general principles (‘laws’) of perception, and also some effects upon it of (among other things) motivation and attention. The former includes the phenomenon of the ‘figure-ground contrast’; that is, how we perceive objects distinctly from their surroundings.
Running head: TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION Technology and Communication Paper CJA304 Introduction In this paper, I will explain how technology has affected the communication capabilities of specialized databases in the criminal justice system. The first step is to make a comparison of two types of specialized databases. The two specialized databases chosen are the Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) and facial recognition. Both the overall positive effect and the overall negative effect due to new technologies will be reviewed. I will then discuss which new specialized technologies I may want to use and why.
So, you just received your SAT or ACT scores and you're not sure whether you should crack open that '72 sparkling cider or immediately register for the next test date. Well, it all depends on the colleges you are considering. A 23 on the ACT or a 1800 on the SAT may be above average at one university but below average at another. The higher your score, the more options are open to you. The Higher, the Better The national average for the new SAT is 1500.
Living off campus can also provide more comfort and freedom. Jackie Chen, a sophomore who has lived on campus for two years says, “ I have already live on campus for two years, it spent more than twenty thousand dollars. But if I live off campus that only cost me fifteen thousand dollars.” Jackie is not only one who cares about the financial situation. Matt, a freshman of Pepperdine says, “ My friend study in the University of Arizona and just spends $3000 per semester for living on campus.” Many students complain that the cost for on living in Pepperdine is too expensive. Even though students who live on campus spend more than the students from other schools and students live off campus, they think they enjoy less comfort.