It marks the beginning of attachment. In the process of operant conditioning, the mother rewards the infant by feeding him, so the infant associates the mother with the reward and repeats any action that brings her close. This happens because food brings a feeling of pleasure to the baby. Food is a primary reinforcer by removing discomfort; it reinforces the behaviour that led to its arrival. But food never comes without the mother bringing it so the mother becomes the secondary reinforcer, even without bringing food; the presence of the caregiver reduces discomfort and brings a feeling of pleasure.
* Furthermore SLT suggests behaviour is most likely to be copied when it is reinforced. This reinforcement can be direct, for example praise for eating a certain food, or vicarious, for example seeing someone else receive praise for losing weight. * SLT will lead to the person having mental representations of eating behaviour and expectancies of outcomes associated with this eating behaviour. * SLT helps also explain the influence of the media, such as television, film and magazines on eating behaviour. There is also some evidence suggesting children’s toys like Barbie and Bratz may lead to children having an unrealistic image of an ideal body shape, and therefore lead to abnormal eating behaviours.
Kangaroo Care offers a way for parents to have contact and interaction with their infant that is beneficial to mom, dad, and baby. It is encouraged for them to do skin to skin contact or Kangaroo Care as soon as the baby can tolerate it. This may aid in the infant survival and shorten the NICU stay. 2. Thesis: Research suggests that Kangaroo Care is beneficial for premature infants because it promotes bonding with parents and normalizes vital signs.
One influence for example being the role of learning. Parents, usually the mother, provide food for the child. Therefore, it is obvious that the mothers attitude to food will affect the child’s preferences. If the mother is concerned over health aspects of food she will work harder to make sure her child has a balanced diet. If the mother is less aware or less concerned over health issues such as obesity, she will take less care over the child’s diet.
For example, the text states that Hank’s mother would give him food to pacify him as a child, which could have led to him looking for oral satisfaction in his adulthood. 2. Would Freudian theory describe Hank’s eating and argumentative behaviors as being internally or externally motivated? Explain the motivation. These behaviors are internally motivated.
However, in the study done by Harlow, H. F., & Harlow, M. in 1966, it was proven that attachment is equally, if not more importantly, an emotional bond as it is a bond of survival. This was proven in their experiment ‘Harlow’s Monkeys’ by placing a false motherly figure made of wire with a false motherly figure made of cloth in a cage with infant rhesus monkeys. The wire mother had a milk supply and the cloth mother did not. Despite the lack of food, the monkeys gravitated towards the cloth mother in times of distress. The wire mother was approached only when hungry.
Outline and Evaluate behavourist view of attachment The learning theory refers to as behaviourists theory' attempts to explain all behaviour in terms of conditioning. The learning theory suggests that through classical conditioning, which is to associate a stimulus with a response, in this case it is food, the baby becomes attached with the person feeding them, causing them to associate their caregivers with food. The baby feels secure around the caregiver because the caregiver is satisfying the babies' psychological needs. This theory is a 'cupboard-love' theory because a baby will only become attached to someone who fulfills his or her psychological needs. This theory may have something to do with the development of attachment because the baby is dependent on the caregiver to feed them, and without food the baby will not survive.
They had learned a new stimulus response of salivation whenever the door was opened. Pavlov's study can then be applied to explaining childhood attachment. Food, which is an unconditioned stimulus, naturally produces a sense of pleasure, which is an unconditioned response. The person who feeds (which is a conditioned stimulus) the infant becomes associated with the food, which slowly over time allows the infant to associate the 'feeder' with pleasure/ This means that pleasure has now become a conditioned response. This association is the attachment bond between infants and caregivers.
Bowlby’s evolutionary theory of attachment suggests that children come into theworld pre-programmed to form attachments with others as this will help them tosurvive. His theory consists of five clear factors that were linked to the developmentof attachment from an infant to its primary care giver; usually the mother. Firstly hestates that attachments are “adaptive” which means the child is at an advantageto survive as it ensures safety and food in order to reproduce. Bowlby states thatchildren are born with innate social releasers such as laughing, crying and attractivefacial features including big cheeks and large eyes which provide them with extracare and comfort. It is important for the infant to form a bond with its caregiverwithin a certain period of time, also known as the critical period.
People are also pushing for restrictions to be placed on marketers that target the child audience, while they do not see who is actually buying the unhealthy food for their children. Placing restrictions on advertisement that targets children may or may not aid in reducing the soaring obesity rates since the child’s home life and surrounding advertisements both play a major role in their eating habits. It is obvious that marketing strategies that target children are not the cause of child obesity. Children follow their parents and official data confirms that children follow in their parents’ footsteps, so focus should be placed on the parents, not the advertisements. Passage two also writes that children are less active, and that “limitations on advertisements will not make them any thinner.” These reasons indeed prove why adverts cannot be blamed for child obesity.