Reinforcement is either positive or negative. Positive brings about reward; negative leads to avoidance of punishment. Attachment on behalf of the baby is a result of learning that the mother/primary caregiver brings rewards (in terms of food which reduces their hunger and is thus viewed as rewarding). However the research doesn’t support the proposal that attachment is based solely on food/primary provider. Schaffer and Emerson (1984) showed that 37% of attachments are not with primary caregiver.
The two learning theories of attachment are operant and classical conditioning. An example of classical conditioning is, when a baby cries it is a negative thing for the mum, so the mum feeds/cuddles it which comforts the baby. The mother and baby form a bon because the baby is comforted and therefore has stopped crying which is a positive thing for the mum. By doing this it is really easy for the baby to manipulate the situation and the mum. In this example, food is the unconditioned stimulus and pleasure is the unconditioned response.
Noninvasive Ventilation Abstract There is increasing interest in noninvasive ventilation because it is effective and avoids the complications of invasive ventilation. Noninvasive ventilation keeps the airway defense mechanisms, allows the patient to eat and talk and decreases infective complications. Efficacy of this treatment depends mainly on the proper selection of patients. The aim of this work is to review types, when to use and guidelines of noninvasive ventilation. Introduction Animal experiments for artificial respiration began at midsixteenth century led by Andreas Vesalius; however, experiments were immature and crude.
When an infant is hungry, this is uncomfortable and this creates a drive to reduce the discomfort. Once fed, this reduces the drive and the discomfort. This is rewarding, therefore the infant acknowledges that food is a reward or primary reinforce. The feeder is then associated with the food, then becomes the secondary reinforce, and a basis of reward in their own right. John Bowlby’s theory of
Unit 001 Introduction to communication in Health, Social care or Children’s and young people’s settings Outcome 1 Understand why communication is important in the working setting 1.1 Identify different reasons why people communicate Communication is essential as without it there would be confusion, people communication for different reasons this could be to give or receive information i.e. Child A has eaten some porridge during snack time, Child A doesn’t normally do this so at the end of the pre-school session we informed the Childs parents of their progress. To Give or receive instructions i.e. Child A is lactose intolerance and therefore can only have soya milk at snack time it is vital that all members of staff follow these instructions. Gaining reassurance and acknowledgement is another form of communication it is always admirable to gain and give compliments.
Families often had less numbers of children as a cause of the reduced rate of the rates of mortality of infants, and also often strove to provide their children with opportunities in the world that they themselves never had, which is a concept that modern families have too. Married couples increasingly used contraceptive devices such as condoms to so that they can reduce the possibility of any unwanted pregnancies. At times, the care and concern of parents for their older children became very obsessive, so much so that children began to feel confined and began to have a need for greater independence. Prevailing biological and medical theories had led parents to think that their own emotional traits that they exhibited to be passed on to their children; therefore, they began to think that they were personally responsible for any abnormality that their children presented. This preoccupation of
The results demonstrated that bulimics reported deficits in parental and maternal nurturance and comfort in comparison to normal young woman. The results also showed that both bulimics and anorexic participants rated their parents as blaming, neglectful, and rejecting. The results however, were not specific only to bulimia, so this was a limitation to this study. Another limitation of this study was the use of the SASB ratings which were made by patients who were in treatment over a year and have learned to conceptualize their eating disorder. Future investigation on the paternal relationships during childhood and binge eating should be done in addition to this study.
With each breath you relax more and more, with each inhalation you bring in health, and vitality and with each exhalation you release what no longer belongs within your body, you sink deeper and deeper. Notice how good it feels. Unhealthy eating habits that didn’t work for you and extra weight were perhaps ways of creating a security blanket, a sense of comfort, and a sense of being whole and complete in the past, you responded this way because of various emotional situations. Now you are going to be able to imagine other ways of dealing with situations and expressing emotions safely without the need for food. You now have the creative ability to choose the most positive way of responding in all situations.
Operant Conditioning This technique is based upon the belief that a positive reinforcement will encourage a desirable behavior. In this technique, the patient will be given some positive reinforcement whenever a desirable behavior is performed. Such as in the case of the eating disorder, the patient is put in a barren room. Whenever the patient is willing to eat and his/her weight is found to be increasing, he/she will get a reward such as visit from people, TV, music, etc. This technique is also used in child education.
Any nutritious substance that is consumed or absorbed in order to maintain life and growth is considered food. From an early age, we try eating all sorts of edible substances and seem to only like the ones that are not as healthy for us. The more unhealthy it is, the more humans seem to like it. The more we eat these addictive foods, the more we search for remedies to lose the physical damage it carries on our bodies. Can these delicious canned soups or conveniently packaged frozen meals or sugary boxed cereals truly help us grow in the best of ways?