Freud). He said personality could only be understood from an individual’s own viewpoint based on his or her own experiences. His main point of his personality theory was that our goal was self-actualization, which is an innate tendency toward growth and development. He believed this began in the womb and continued throughout puberty. Rogers’s governing process throughout the lifespan was defined as the organismic valuing process.
This is the contradicting of Jung. Jung has analysis himself to experience the unconscious through his dreams and fantasia Jung believe that he was strong enough to make dangerous journey and come back to talk about it. His goal was to understand the unconscious from the purpose viewpoint of scientist. Ellis thoughts are that society is more disturbs and it more inclusive and exact “people disturb themselves by thing that have happen to them. And by the view, feelings, and actions” (p16) Horney’s (1950) also Adler writes that our Emotional reactions and lifestyle are associated with our basic beliefs and are therefore cognitively created.
According to behaviourism, behaviour can be studied in a systematic and observable manner with no consideration of internal mental processes. As human beings we are driven to understand who we are, what makes us tick and how the facets of our own personality make us individuals. The answer to this question according to behaviourists is that we are born with a handful of innate responses known as stimulus response units and that all of our complex behaviours are through learning by interaction with the environment. Behaviourism is the theory that the development of human nature is governed by our environment or nurturing. .
In his findings, Freud believed the human mind was make up of three main components; the ego, the ID, and the superego. Primary urges being on the ID, personality related being of the ego, and superego described as a part if a person’s personality that values ideas held within from their environment during childhood, also known as peers, parents, and a variety of cultural influences. Humanistic psychology’s primary focus is a person’s free will concept of self- actualization and interpersonal growth. The humanistic school of thought was developed in response to behaviorism and psychoanalysis. The differences among the early school of thought and the humanistic approach is that the emphasis is on helping individuals reach their highest potential rather than being the center of abnormal human behavior.
In this essay Freud sets out his theory of psychosexual development. He asserts that there is in all humans an innate drive or instinct for pleasure, a sort of psychic energy, which he calls the libido and this energy needs to be discharged. He then goes on to describe how this drive finds outlet at the earliest stages of life, as babies, toddlers and infants and describes the oral, anal and phallic stages and the psychological effects of fixation at these stages. It is important to note that Freud separated sexual aims and objectives. His work on sexuality and perversions led to the wider theory of sexuality whereby he differentiated the sexual aim (the desire for pleasure) and the object (the person or thing used to fulfil the desire).
He believed that psychologists should have greater involvement in the study of and treatment of psychological disorders. He was interested in problems of psychopathology, and in 1906 Prince founded the Journal of Abnormal Psychology which is still published today. The journal was considered to be an exclusive domain, publishing early research and case studies. The journal was an important outlet for professional psychologist such as, Joseph Jastrow, Walter Dill Scott, Robert Yerkes, and many others. Prince published his most famous book in 1905, The Dissociation of a Personality, it was one of the first and had the complete descriptions of a case of multiple personality disorder.
In total opposition to this belief is determinism, the theory that all behaviour is pre-ordained and we cannot chose our destiny so to speak. This idea can be most clearly seen in psychological approaches such as the biological or the behaviourist. Other approaches such as the cognitive approach present the idea of soft determinism, the suggestion that whilst some behaviour is determined we still have some degree of control and choice over what we do. The most firm believers in free will are humanistic psychologists. The humanistic approach has been praised for its great emphasis on autonomy, the idea that we have control over everything we do.
• Freud (Psychoanalytic):- He believed that the personality develops through a series of stages. The idea that early experiences affect adult life has importance for anyone caring for a child. He proposed that individuals are driven by motives and emotions of which they are largely unaware. He believed that we shaped by early experiences in life. Freudian thinking is deeply embedded in our culture and constantly influences our view of human nature, but his ideas are now widely
History of Psychology Derya Salazar- Bisswurm PSY/310 November 4th, 2013 Ann Bechler- Ingwalson History of Psychology The history of modern psychology is going back to early influential philosophers such as Descartes, Locke, Hume, and Mill, whose main focus was on British Empiricism and Associationism. Each of these philosophers contributed significant theories and ideas that had a considerable impact on the development of modern psychology. Leibniz and Kant were two German philosophers who also had a noteworthy influence on modern psychology although their ideas contrasted those of the Empiricists and Associationists. Throughout the 19th century there were many scientific innovations that led to the development of the science
Freud believed there are two factors that drive the personality, libido and aggression. Psychoanalytic perspective also suggests there are three parts of personality to any one person, the id, ego, and superego. The id is the complete unconscious of a person. Everyone starts life with just the id as their personality, the ego and superego emerge later. The id is the part of a personality that is the urge to have needs met instantaneously.