Evaluate 3 Approaches to treating Mental Disorders: Psychodynamic, Biological and Behavioural Approach. When looking at the treatment of people with mental health issues there have been various methods tried, some having limited success and some having long term success, in this essay I shall discuss the three listed in the title along with the benefits and weaknesses of each. Psychodynamic Approach: The concept of the psychodynamic approach is to explain behaviour in terms of the forces that drive it. The best known example of this approach is Freud’s theory of personality, although there are many other psychodynamic theories based on Freud’s ideas. Sigmund Freud was the first to challenge the view that mental disorders were caused by physical illness and proposed that psychological factors were responsible for the illness.
Marisa Farrell "Evaluate the extent to which Freud's theory of psychosexual development can help us to understand a client's presenting issue" (2462 Words) Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was an Austrian physician who pioneered the study of the unconscious. He was the first person in his field that began the use of non medical methods to deal with human conditions. It was during his neurological practice with hysterical patients that he first noticed that his patients were relieved from their symptoms by simply recollecting and talking about painful childhood experiences. Freud went on to spend much of his life developing an intricate and controversial theory on personality development. Central to Freud's theory, and perhaps his greatest contribution to psychology, is the notion that our psyche is composed of parts within our awareness and beyond our awareness.
In this analysis we will look at two specific parts of analyzing psychodynamic theories. First we will discuss how psychodynamic theories affect individual personalities and finally we will explain how psychodynamic theories influence interpersonal relationships. Psychodynamic Theories Affect Individual Personalities All of the psychodynamic theories mentioned in this paper lean more to the side of being limited rather than having strength, primarily in regard to the development and effects of individual personality. A dissimilar outlook exists on the definition of personality, the driving force behind development, cause and effect, and what exactly influences it and whether it can be altered. The psychodynamic theories consist mainly of Alder’s individual psychological theory, Horney’s psychoanalytical social theory, Freud’s psychoanalytical theory, Klein’s object relations theory, Sullivan’s interpersonal theory, and Jung’s analytical theory (Feist & Feist, 2009).
He has paved many paths in the psychology field of study. Freud explored observable behavior and rather than changing the environment looked for alternate reasons for the behavior. Freud’s theory of psychodynamic perspective stated that all behaviors, both ordinary and unordinary are controlled by the unconscious mind. Freud’s research led him to discover that the unconscious mind controlled his patients’ behavior. Freud was a neurologist by degree but used his background to explore areas in the psychological field.
However before Freud, there were other theories concerning psychoanalysis. Sigmund Freud formulated his own theory of psychoanalysis in Vienna in the 1890s but before that, Freud was a neurologist interested in neurotic or hysterical patients and helping to find a treatment. He had become aware of the existence of mental processes that were not conscious as a result of his neurological consulting job at the Children's Hospital. He started to write about it and his first theory to explain hysterical symptoms was presented in Studies in Hysteria (1895), co-authored with Josef Breuer. As he became increasingly interested he received permission to study in Paris in the 1880s with Jean- Martin Charcot, a famous neurologist and syphilogist.
Numerous theoretical models illustrate the importance of the treatment process for abnormal psychology. The psychosocial model relates to internal conflicts as between the conscious and unconscious mind as the individual responds to environmental stimuli. This aspect model focuses on relationships, social status, memories, and peer group environments (Hansell & Damour, 2008). Contributions of physical and biochemical functions relates to the biological or medical model and how the human body reacts and influences mental illness and dysfunctions. The focus of this model concerns the brain and functions and abnormal behaviors and unobservable deviant thought processes (Hansell & Damour, 2008).
Hormones are thought to play a significant role in manipulating behavior and the mental process because they are involved in various mental disorders as a resulting in interacting with the nervous system. In conclusion, much theory and research have been placed on identifying the major schools of psychology and the underlining assumptions linked to biological factors of behavior. In the beginning stages of psychological research, psychology first began as an establishment of science separate from biology and philosophy. Within those complex findings began the debate in relation to the schools of thought and behavior in the human
Psychology- as explored through the eyes of Carl Jung and Abraham Maslow When Carl Jung says, “Everything that irritates us about others can lead us to an understanding of ourselves”, he very aptly describes the role that Psychology plays in exploring and examining the processes of the human brain and how that impacts our behaviors and personality. Comparing the theories of Jung and Maslow could take hours since each one had enough to say about what their beliefs were about the human condition. But while Carl Jung focused on how the unconscious affected our personality (Introversion and Extraversion), Abraham Maslow focused on the integration of self (Self-Actualization Theory). Jung believed that there were active centers in the unconscious
I find myself exploring the simalarities and differences of two of the main theoretical models in counselling, which are Pyschodynamic and humanistic, also know as person centred counselling. psychodynamic and person-centred approaches to counselling have many differences in the way they understand the person and explain psychological distress. I have reviews on both approaches separately, followed by a comparison of the main similarities and differences. the humanistic approach was divised in the 1950's by Carl rogers an american psychologist and therapist. In person centered counseling the there is a strong emphasis on the relationship between client and counsellor.
His many theories were based on case studies of his patients and from deep self analysis over a period of fifty years. He died in 1937 (Sanders, 2011). According to Chrysalis (2010) his most important contribution to psychology is the concept of the ‘dynamic unconscious’ meaning that the unconscious mind of a human plays a very important role in how they behave. He developed many theories and the practice of psychoanalysis; one of the twentieth century’s most influential schools of psychology. He also made fundamental contributions to philosophy and Lear (2005) names Freud as one of the greatest theorists of human nature, engaging in deep issues and problems such as human sexuality, the unconscious, dreams and theories of transference.