Between 1135 and 1137 this church began to be rebuilt from a fire that it suffered through. A man known as Sugar, abbot of Saint-Denis, was the one who rebuilt it. The beginning of Gothic style can be pinpointed to the planning and construction of this one building. Sugar visited several artists throughout Europe when
POMPIDOU CENTRE By, Jesse McKay 12/19/2008 Throughout history, France has always been considered a center for art, culture and education. And within its capital of Paris, one can find many examples in which this city has devoted itself to conserve this reputation. With numerous museums and historic figures Paris continues to rise as an influential city for modern and intellectual thought. The Pompidou Centre, also known as the Centre Georges Pompidou, after former French president George Pompidou or the Beaubourg, for its relative location; is a building complex located in the Beaubourg area of 4th arrondissement. The 4th arrondissement, known for its culturally alternative setting is home to several art galleries and public spaces and is renowned for its acceptance for new and modern ideas.
The small round-headed windows in the ground floor are also original features. At the end of the 12th century, Chepstow passed by marriage to William Marshal, a formidable soldier of fortune, and earl of Pembroke. With considerable experience in military architecture in France, he set about bringing fitz Osbern's castle up to date. He rebuilt the east curtain wall, with two round towers projecting outwards, in order to protect this vulnerable side. Arrow-slits in the towers were designed to give covering fire to the ground in front of the curtain, and this was one of the earliest examples of the new defensive mode which was to become characteristic of the medieval castle.
The building of huge cathedrals in the middle ages was seen as a reflection of faith. Churches started to give out indulgences- forgiveness of sins to people who helped to build the cathedrals, so often instead of going on crusades people became dedicated to building
Critically assess Descartes view of the soul. René Descartes, who was born in 1596 in France was very much a product of the French renaissance, was greatly influenced by Aristotle, a Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagirus, in 384 BCE, enjoying a 17 year stint at Plato’s Academy. Descartes was also greatly influenced by the Christian world view, which is the framework of ideas and beliefs through which a Christian can use to interpret the world around them and ways in which to interact with it. He sought to lay a new foundation for philosophy with the mathematical method. Most famous for his quote, “I think therefore I am”, Descartes was a respected philosopher, mathematician and writer in the 17th century.
Lead by the Pope, the Medieval Church existed as the official church in Western Europe during the Middle Ages and the influence of the Medieval Church on the society was vast, for “popes humbled emperors such as Henry IV” and “its leaders were among the most important persons of the empire” (Bachrach 2; Cook 38). In the essay Images of Eden, Christians “held the complete Bible to be revelation, that is, the word of God” (Morris 23). The biblical story of Adam and Eve is in the first chapter of the Bible, Genesis, which is the compilation of three authors named Priestly, Jehovist, and Elohist (Thury 53). The sources of Genesis approximately date back from 950 to 550 BCE (Thury 53). One of the most well-known biblical stories, Adam and Eve had profound impact on the way Medieval Christians explained the origins of humankind and nature, and how it shaped their moral values.
(Summers 24-25) Dionysius’ mystical theology influenced both the Greek East and the Latin West in their development of Christian mysticism. (Chidester 236) In the Eastern Orthodox Church, Greek theologians believed that, by “entering the radiance of divine light”, human beings could experience God’s presence directly, and ultimately reach a state of theosis. Symeon the New Theologian especially believed that God could be experienced directly through divine light, and he himself had had this experience. By the thirteenth century, the practice of hesychasm, which “transformed the practitioners…into light” just as Jesus had been in the Transfiguration on the Mount, had developed in the Greek Orthodox monasteries. (Chidester 243-244, 246) In the Orthodox Church, the hesychasts (those who practiced hesychasm) practiced “the power of prayer, including the physical disipline of the body” in anticipation of “the ultimate redemption in which the ‘body is deified along with the soul’”.
A generation after Alfred reached an agreement with the Northmen in England, a somewhat similar understanding was reached between Rollo, the leader of the Danes in Normandy, and Charles the Simple, king of France. In 912 the right of the Northmen to occupy this part of France was recognized; Rollo acknowledged the French king as his overlord and
Cody Alvarado Music Theory 7/29/12 Gregorian Chant Guillaume Dufay - 1397 -1474, Ave Maris Stella Guillaume Dufay (Du Fay, Du Fayt) (August 5, 1397 – November 27, 1474) was a Franco-Flemish composer of the early Renaissance. As a boy he sang in the choir of Cambrai Cathedral. Ordained a priest, he acquired a high reputation for learnedness. In 1428 he joined the papal singers in Rome, by which time his works had made him famous. He returned to Cambrai 1440, where he would supervise the cathedral's music for the rest of his life, apart from a period (145158) working for the duke of Savoy.
Joan of Arc was beatified in 1909 and canonized in 1920. She is – along with St. Denis, St. Martin of Tours, St. Louis IX, and St. Theresa of Lisieux – one of the patron saints of France. Joan asserted that she had visions from God that instructed her to recover her homeland from English domination late in the Hundred Years' War. The uncrowned King Charles VII sent her to the siege of Orléans as part of a relief mission. She gained prominence when she overcame the dismissive attitude of veteran commanders and lifted the siege in only nine days.