Obituary of Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell was an English military and political leader who is best known for his overthrow of the monarchy. Oliver Cromwell was born in Huntingdon on April 25th 1599. Cromwell was born into the middle Gentry; his lifestyle resembled the lifestyle of a Yeoman Farmer until he received an inheritance from his uncle. When he was 29 years old, he became a member of parliament for Huntingdon. 12 years later, he became a member of parliament for Cambridge.
Simon de Montfort, brother-in-law to Henry III, who has been out of the king’s favor and in self imposed exile, returns to England to lead the barons in another revolt against the king in 1265. The Barons rise up against Henry III and fight Henrys forces, led by his son Prince Edward, at the battle of Lewes where Henry and Edward are defeated. The barons are now in control. Simon de Montfort calls a Parliament to broaden support and enforce the Provisions of Oxford. This is the first calling of “Parliament.” This is significant because the “Parliament is comprised of the Nobles and elected Knights of the Shire and Burgesses and they were a national body of representatives.
His father, King Aiden was a great ally of the British. He and his sons, including Arthur, lead the British in wars conducted in the North against the picts and the Saxons. The name of Arthur is also mentioned as a tenant in the Doomsday Book (1086 AD). From the thirteenth century to the sixteenth century the name that is dropped is usually Arturias. After the sixteenth century, the name regularly used it Arthur or Arther.
King James Phase 1- 1603-1612 Ministers James’s key minister (above all favourites) was Robert Cecil, secretary of State since 1590, created Earl of Salisbury in 1605, appointed Lord Treasurer in 1608. He lost credibility with the failure of the Great Contract in 1610 and died in 1612, bringing the first phase of James’s rule to an end. Robert Carr came to court in 1607 and became James’s favourite. He had little political influence until the death of Salisbury Religion 1603- Puritans presented James with the Millenary Petition demanding change to the Church. 1604- Hampton Court Conference.
When the Swedish king Charles IX died in 1611, his son Gustavus Adolphus not only inherited the throne, but also ongoing wars with Russia, Poland, and Denmark. He was 17 years old. Though he was highly knowledgeable in classics, theology, law, and history, Gustavus’ primary education focused largely on military strategies and leadership. At sixteen, he had already commanded an army and defeated Dutch invaders off the coast of Sweden. His lack of frivolity, strength of character, and previous successes gave reason for the Swedish Parliament to waive the necessary age requirement needed to inherit the throne.
Flashes of sporadic violence against the English continued, but by bandits and outlets rather than any semblance of an organised military force. Henry IV died in 1413, and was succeeded by the less Plantagenet, more astute Henry of Monmouth, Henry V. He began to offer the Welsh rebels pardons. Owain's son Marededd refused a pardon until 1421, leading some historians to suspect that this was the year in which he died. One theory is that he ended his life as a the family chaplain on his daughter Alys' estate she shared with her husband, Sir Henry Scudamore, the sheriff of
When Gustavus was killed at Lutzen in 1632, Oxenstierna assumed supreme command of Sweden’s forces in the Thirty Years War. The imperial army defeated the Swedes at the battle of Nordlingen. Overall the Peace of Westphalia officially ended the war in Germany in 1648 after 5 years of protracted negotiations. The Day of Gustav Adolph is observed each year on November 6 in Sweden. On this day a special pastry, with a chocolate medallion of the king, is sold.
Henry’s Wives This is the chronological order of Henry V11’s wives. Catherine of Aragon Catherine was King Henry’s first wife. Before Catherine was married to Henry’s brother, called Arthur. Henry married Catherine, to keep the alliance between the Spanish and the English. In 1509 she was given the position of Ambassador of the Spanish Court in England.
The war ends in 1763 with the treaty of Hubertusburg. Son of Francis I, Joseph II, became Holy Roman Emperor in 1765 but his mother Maria Theresa still had most the power until she died in 1780 at age 63. Leopold II, brother of Joseph II, became Holy Roman Emperor after his brother’s death in 1790. In 1792 Leopold died and was succeeded by his son Francis II the last Holy Roman Emperor. In 1792 France declared war on the Holy Roman Empire Starting the War of the First Coalition.
Sir John Suckling(1609-1642) Suckling was born at Whitton, Middlesex,on February 10,1609. His father was an important person who was working for James the First as a comptroller of households. Suckling enrolled Trinity College, Cambridge in 1623 but left in 1626 without taking a degree. When he was eighteen he joined the English soldiers serving in the army of Gustavus Adolphus during the Thirty Years’ War. Suckling was knighted in September 1630 and returned the court in May 1632.