According to Parse, humans construct meanings out of their varied experiences in life. Meanings are representations of the cherished beliefs shaped by reflective and intuitive knowing and expressed as imagined possibilities. Rhythmicity is revealed as patterns are co-created in the human-environment transactions. Co-transcendence is the process of reaching beyond self toward what is not yet (Walker, 1996). Similarities and Differences of Watson and Parse’s Theories Watson and Parse’s theories are grand nursing theories that have drawn from Martha Rogers’ science of unitary human beings in developing their theories.
In the following paragraphs I will address each question purposed as it relates to Martha Rogers’s theory of the Science of Unitary Human Beings. The questions deal with the purpose, concepts, relationships, structure and assumptions of the theory. I will then utilize the critical reflection concept of the model to further evaluate the theory. Purpose of the Science of Unitary Human Beings The purpose of the Science of Unitary Human Beings (Blumenshein, 2009) was to allow nurses a chance to look at the world with alternative eyes. The theory suggests that human beings and the environment cannot be understood unless they are studied as a whole.
In this paper I will discuss the importance of a framework of praxis, it’s application to the APN, what influences the framework and employing the framework into context. Praxis Overview Praxis has been defined in a number of ways for different disciplines. For the discipline of nursing it has been described as the art of the coming together of science and practice and linking practice and theory (Kilpatrick, 2008). Praxis can arise at an individual or a group level. At the individual level it is recognizing and reflecting on an issue that restricts one’s abilities and experiences, then taking action to change the issue for themselves and others affected (Chinn & Kramer, 2011).
This paper will describe a core concept that can be found in two theories and describe their commonalities and how they can be applied to nursing practice. Dorothea Orem's theory used four related concepts: self care, self-care agency, therapeutic self-care demand and self-care deficit, and two nursing concepts: Nursing agency and nursing system. Her theory states that nursing has special concern for the person's need for self-care action and provision and maintenance of the action on a continual basis to sustain health, recover from disease, and cope with the effects of the disease. Orem's definition of nursing identifies the creativity and analysis of information that contributes to the development of nursing systems to assist the patient. The validation of the requirement of nursing is that the person cannot maintain health and be free from injury and disease, and have the quality of self-care (Green, 2011).
There is an expression that is often used to sum up our life experiences, which is “we are creatures of our environment.” This simply means to me that where we are in life, our culture, personal experiences and upbringing makes us who we are. “The environment influences the person’s health and the person in turn, influences the environment” (Kubsch, 2007). Health is the degree of well-being that a person experiences (Blais, Hayes, Kozier & Erb, 2006, p. 96). My belief is that certain cultures view well-being as waking up and going to work every day, being in control, making independent choices, and caring for self and family. As long as the individual is able to perform basic tasks, then health is viewed as good.
The way in which a nurse practices can greatly affect the outcome of the patient (Potter & Perry, 2006). For this reason, nursing practices based on theories and concepts should be researched. The process of using concepts, theories, research and practices to form rationales usually begins with a concept or theory and is cyclic in nature, as each component may lead to the other (see Appendix A). In the nursing profession, several concept-directed theories guide both research and practice. The purpose of this paper is to select and analyze one of the many nursing theories that exist.
The same factors also influence folk and professional nursing. The Sunrise Model depicts human beings as inseparable from their cultural background and social structure, worldview, history and environmental context as a basic tenet of Leininger’s theory. Gender, race, age and class are embedded in social structure factors and are studied. Biological, emotional and other dimensions are studied from a holistic view and not fragmented or separate. 3 Nursing Decisions To provide Culturally Congruent Nursing care Assumptive Premises 1.
Nursing philosophy on the other hand is described as a statement of foundational and universal assumptions, belief systems, and principles about the nature of knowledge and nature of existence (McEwen & Willis, 2011, p. 10). It captures the essence of human being and what it means to be a provider in a caring profession. There are three philosophers that influence nursing philosophy. During the 1600s, the early rationalists Descartes and Spinoza believed that reason is superior to experience as a source of knowledge through deduction and mathematics. Empiricist Bacon from supported the idea of
One must take into account all determinants to achieve an understanding of an individual’s health and wellbeing. A nurse is required to have a knowledge of these determinants and the impacts that they, either singularly or a group of aspects in a patient’s life can affect the patients overall health status. To better understand why a nurses roles are effected by all contributing factors of health determinants, the nursing profession must be better understood. (Harris, Nagy, & Vardaxis, Eds. 2010) Nursing began as a profession around the environment within the home.
Reflecting the distinction between 'objectivist' and 'subjectivist' approaches to science, the idiographic and the nomothetic represent two contrasting approaches to study methods. Idiographic approaches argue that the ultimate goal of science is to explain individual events; general laws and theories are useful insofar as they help us understand a particular event. By copntrast, nomothetic approaches argue that the ultimate goal is to uncover general truths that cover classes of occurrence. Here, individual instances are of interest primarily as guides in developing a broader understanding. Clinical medicine is largely an idiographic pursuit, and the doctor’s commitment is to the individual patient.