Cancer can also invade other parts of the body through the blood stream and lymphatic system. The process of the spreading of cancer is called metastasis. This essay will discuss diagnosis and staging of cancer, and will also talk about some complications of cancer along with the side effects of treatment. Finally
Skin reactions, such as redness or dryness, in the area being treated are common (Elekta, n.d.). Loss of appetite can be a problem for patients receiving radiation therapy or chemotherapy (Elekta, n.d.). Side effects vary from person to person and may even be different from one treatment to the next (Elekta, n.d.). Patients treated for Hodgkin’s disease have an increased risk of developing other types of cancer later in life, especially leukemia (Elekta, n.d.). Patients should follow their doctor’s recommendations on health care and checkups (Elekta, n.d.).
These mistakes result in mutation leading to loss or inappropriate expression of affected genes. Studies indicate that genetic alterations in the P53 tumor suppressor gene play an important role in the development of skin cancer. The p53 gene is also involved in apoptosis (programmed cell death), and it has been proposed that p53 serves as a “guardian of the genome” by aiding in DNA repair or by going through apoptosis to elimated cells with excessive DNA damage. Unrepaired damage in the p53 gene are transformed into mutations thereby initiating the process of carcinogenesis. Following repeated exposures to UV, keratinocytes (sunburn cells) carrying
If a patient is in the advanced stage of the disease, the doctor may recommend that he participate in clinical trials, which are intended to improve the methods of treatment. Those in the advanced stages may also receive palliative therapy, which improves their quality of life through pain management. It is important to note that those suffering from secondary cancer will be treated for the original
Blood must pass through the liver in order to access cancer cells. Most liver cancer starts elsewhere in the body and spreads to the liver. Different types of tumors can form in the liver. Some of these can be benign or noncancerous; or malignant. Some of the common
Genetic tests are available to check for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. A blood sample is required for these tests, and genetic counseling is recommended before and after the tests. If a harmful BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation is found, several options are available to help a person manage their cancer risks. C. For people who get a positive test result they have many options like: Surveillance- which means cancer screening, Prophylactic Surgery- This type of surgery involves removing as much of the "at-risk" tissue as possible in order to reduce the chance of developing cancer, and Chemoprevention- This approach involves the use of natural or synthetic substances to reduce the risk of developing cancer or to reduce the chance that cancer will come back IV. Body Topic Sentence: Your age is probably one of the biggest factors though, since anybody is able to develop the cancer, the risk of developing it increases as you get
Basil Cell Carcinoma can be associated with scars, vaccinations, or even Tattoos. In able to diagnose his skin cancer, a shaved skin biopsy may be necessary to come up with the type, and histological subtype of BCC. If the results come back negative, and a clinical suspicion is
Then there will be a biopsy to determine between a primary and a cancer that has spread from another organ. Chemotherapy may result in tumor shrinkage, but does not prolong survival. There are many investigational drugs, but you have to fit into a very tight fit of criteria to receive these drugs. While you are waiting, your liver is not functioning at full capacity due to the tumor taking up space. It pushes against the arteries in the liver.
There is a challenge predicting which moles or tumors will metastasize, partly because of the cell’s high ability to move spontaneously and actively and also due to the plastic nature of melanocytes. A melanoma can also be formed from existing mole on the body. If this melanoma metastasizes to other parts of the body, it can be fatal for the patient 2. The different levels of a melanoma refer to the extent of the cancer. Tumor thickness, melanoma cell location, and whether the melanoma cells have metastasized all play a role in determining the stage of melanoma.
Cells grow and divide and form new cells as the body needs them. When cells become old they die so new ones can take their place. Cancer is when old cells do not die out and new ones are made when not needed. This buildup of cells causes tumors which most likely form into cancer. However there are usually only two different types of tumors when it comes to the stomach, one is a benign tumor which is usually not cancerous and the other is the malignant tumor which is the cancerous tumor.