MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS: Pneumonia: Pneumonia is an infection in one or both lungs. The infection may be caused by fungi, bacteria, or viruses. Pneumonia causes inflammation in your lungs air sacs, also referred to as alveoli. The alveoli fill with fluid or pus, making it difficult to breathe. The invading organism causes symptoms, in part, by provoking a large immune response in the lungs.
(3) Etiology: Pneumonia develops when the immune system cannot combat the virulence of the invading organisms. Organisms from the environment, invasive devices, equipment and supplies, staff, or other people can invade the body. Pneumonia can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa. Noninfectious causes of pneumonia include inhalation of toxic gases, chemical fumes, and smoke and aspiration of water, food, fluid, and vomitus. (4) Signs & Symptoms: Pneumonia may present with a 1-2 day history of cough, fever, dyspnea, fatigue, rigors and pleuritic pain.
The secondary cause is related to an existing infection or disease. Each of these are caused by different irritants that result in the same disruption of normal perfusion. The attacks on the lung lead to alveolar inflammation and edema that causes low ventilation and blood and fluid to be pushed into the capillaries. This leads to a stasis in the lung’s gas perfusion and creates a pressure that makes it harder for the individual to breath (Anatomical Chart Company, 2010, p. 100). The first signs and symptoms of any infection should immediately be put to the attention of the health care provider.
Your eyes are watery and itchy. Your ears, nose, and throat are itchy. Which allergens commonly cause allergic rhinitis? You probably know that pollens from trees, grasses, and weeds cause allergic rhinitis. Many people have allergies to dust mites, animal dander, cockroaches, and mold as well.
The cough reflex has both sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) components. Pulmonary irritant receptors (cough receptors) in the epithelium of the respiratory tract are sensitive to both mechanical and chemical stimuli. Stimulation of the cough receptors by dust or other foreign particles produces a cough, which is necessary to remove the foreign material from the respiratory tract before it reaches the lungs. A long drawn and deep inhalation followed by a complete closure of the glottis, which results in a strong exhalation that suddenly punches the glottis open and sends a blast of air through the upper respiratory passages. C) Which structures found in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli normally would protect Cari’s lungs from infectious pathogens and particulate matter?
The predisposing factors for endocarditis include, aging for older people who have aortic stenosis; intravenous drug abuse, presence of prosthetic heart valve, use of intravascular devices which may result in nosocomial like, methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); and renal dialysis (Lewis et al, 2011, 841-842). Signs and symptoms include fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue and anorexia due to bacterial infection. Joint pain, muscle, pain, back pain, abdominal discomfort, headache, weight loss and clubbing of fingers resulting from heart failure. Black longitudinal streaks in nails bed Petechiae which result from fragments and microorganism embolization of vegetative lesion as evidenced by conjunctiva, lips, buccal mucosa and palate , and ankles, feet and anticubital and popliteal areas. Painful, tender, red or purple, pea-sized lesions may show on fingertips or toes.
Erythema (multiforme) is a skin disorder that comes from an allergic reaction or infection. 10. Exudate is fluid, such as pus or clear fluid, which leaks out of blood vessels into nearby tissues. The fluid is made of cells, proteins, and solid materials. Exudate may ooze from cuts or from areas of infection or inflammation.
Persistent blockage of the ear, chronic ear drainage, equal librium problems, facial weakness, headache, ear ache, sleepiness, inflammation or drainage behind the ear. Diagnostic Interventions/tests: MRI or CT scan, hearing test, tympanometry, antibiotics, steroids, antihistamines, decongestants, analgesics. Special Considerations: If the patient is a child special precautions must be taken. These precautions would apply to the room, restraining patient, and maintaining the patient’s body temperature. Special Equipment: Padded gel or foam headrest, Padded upper-extremity restraints, Fiber optic otoscope, Laser adaptor, Heated isolette Instrument Sets/specials: Myringotomy tray, CO2 laser handpiece, cord, and tip Special Supplies: Suture & Uses: N/A Stapling Devices & Uses: N/A Topical anesthetic Medications on back table and uses: Cortisporin dressing of the ears, Hydrogen peroxide: to loosen the cerumen in the ear.
To understand completely the importance of inserting chest drains, when required, we have to look closely at the entire mechanism of breathing. When breathing, the diaphragm descends and contracts, while the lower ribs move upwards and outwards, and the upper ribs and sternum move upwards and forwards. This process allows oxygenation of haemoglobin in the red blood cells. Across the NHS there are two types of chest drains, each with its particularities and ease of use. The first one is the Heimlich device, which consists in a rubber one-way flutter valve connected to a standard bottle.
During the asthma attack excess mucus is produced, which blocks the airway canal causing narrowing of the airway and more difficult air exchange in and out of airway sac. Because of this constriction, inflammation and mucous production, it is difficult to push air out of the airway sac causing the wheezing sound that is common with asthmatics. Asthmatics live with some amount of inflammation in their lungs on an everyday basis. By coming into contact with a trigger such as secondhand smoke, the asthmatic airway becomes more inflamed and constricted until it is almost impossible for the child to move air in and out of the lungs. It has been said that the feeling of an asthma attack is the difference between breathing normally and breathing in and out continuously through a very small