2. Define and describe the following Telecommunications Network Components: A. Voice- Voice calls are not too unlike fixed line calls; the difference being that it is transmitted wirelessly. The call is transmitted via radio waves to a cellular tower, which is then routed through the service provider and to the party on the other end. Data- Data is commonly called mobile internet. Data is sent through radio waves in either 3G or 4G connection, which streams data to and from the phone, much like a computer connects to the internet.
See signal-to-noise ratio. Fundamental physical limits such as the shot noise in components limits the resolution of analogue signals. In digital electronics additional precision is obtained by using additional digits to represent the signal; the practical limit in the number of digits is determined by the performance of the analogue-to-digital converter (ADC), since digital operations can usually be performed without loss of precision. The ADC takes an analogue signal and changes into a series of binary numbers. The ADC may be used in simple digital display devices e. g. thermometers, light meters but it may also be used in digital sound recording and in data acquisition.
It was designed to provide 3,000Hz bandwidth, perfectly adequate for a voice signal. Copper has a maximum distance of 90 meters if you exceed the 90m meter limit you will start getting attenuation problems which means you will start losing signal strengths. Fiber optic cable has many more advantages than copper cabling. It is much more secure and has complete immunity to electromagnetic interference. With this type of cabling there are
Specific questions from iLab Scenario 1 Discuss how changing the type of antennas affects the amount of signal spilling outside the building? What are your recommendations? The problem that arises from changing an antenna is that the outer lying areas of the network can lose their signal. One solution to this problem is to lower the antenna output power via the controls of the access point. However if that presents the same problem with loss of signal there are alternatives such as WiFi blocking wallpaper (Strange) or paints that will block the WiFi signal from leaving the building (Jowitt).
IPv6 specifies a new packet format, designed to minimize packet header processing by routers. Because the headers of IPv4 packets and IPv6 packets are significantly different, the two protocols are not interoperable. However, in most respects, IPv6 is a conservative extension of IPv4. Most transport and application-layer protocols need little or no change to operate over IPv6. Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) was originally developed for IPv6, but found widespread deployment first in IPv4, for which it was re-engineered.
The call uses only analog electrical signals. b. The call uses only digital electrical signals. c. The call uses both analog and digital electrical signals. d. The call represents short sounds as a unique set of bits.
* Its benefits are price it’s less expensive to build and run. But if one of the lines goes down then your whole network goes down. Exercise 7.2.4 Circuit classification | Total Bandwidth (Mbps) | Features and summary | T1 | 1.544 | Uses 24 channels to communicate. | E1 | 2.048 | Uses 32 channels to communicate. | T3 | 44.7 | Uses 672 channels to communicate.
Framework 2: ISO/IEC 27002 Is also an improvement on the framework in that they are not public and an organization must pay for the use of the copyrighted framework. It also provides cyclical guidance to continual assessment by the “Plan, Do, Check, and Act” cycle. Framework 3: ISO/IEC 27011 is a framework based on ISO/IEC 27002 but is more specific to the electromagnetic spectrum and wireless telecommunications. It will more closely meet the needs of the Defence Spectrum Organization. Using each frameworks section summaries an overall hybrid framework can be created that may be best suited for this project.
It can work well in local areas and the routers are used for the connections that do not have a good range. (Retrieved from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-the-differences-between-wifi-wimax-and-wibro.htm) When it comes down to larger networks and connectivity it requires a different standard. LTE is responsible for the GSM, GPRs, UMTS, and HSPDA standards (Turner, E. & Volonino L., 2011 pg.
Broadband use a signals over a wide range of frequencies in high capacity telecommunication. Baseband-signals and systems whose range of frequencies measured for a start of close to zero to a cut off frequency. In Baseband, data is sent as digital signals through the media as a single channel that uses the entire bandwidth of the media. Broadband sends information in the form of an analog signal. Each transmission is assigned to a portion of the bandwidth, hence multiple transmissions are possible at the same time.