Predict the number of valence electrons for a sulfur atom. a. 4 b. 6 c. 8 d. 16 e. 32 58. Predict the number of valence electrons for a chlorine atom.
When atoms bond together they share or transfer electrons to achieve a more stable electron arrangement, often a full outer main level of electrons, like the noble gases. There are three types of strong chemical bonds: 1.__ionic______, 2.____covalent____ and metallic IONIC bonding • Ionic bonding occurs between metals and non-metals • Metal atoms 3. ___lose___ electrons • Non-metal atoms gain electrons • Positive and negative ions are formed Sodium chloride has ionic bonding. [pic] • The sodium ion is positively charged because it has lost a negative electron
The center-most part of an atom where the protons and neutrons 5. The weighted average mass of an element’s isotopes of that element 4. The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties 3. High-energy radiation that has no charge and no mass of neutrons 2. Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers 1.
Test #2 ANSWERS CHM 101 Part I Multiple Choice (2 points each) 1. Which element is most likely to form three covalent bonds? A) C B) Si C) P D) S E) Se 2. A chemical bond formed when two atoms share two pairs of electrons is a ________ bond; it is best described as ________. A) double; covalent B) double; ionic C) single; covalent D) single; ionic E) triple; covalent 3.
b. Is the particle neutral, positively charged or negatively charged? An aqueous solution, neutral S 2- c. What is the formula of the particle? Justify your answer. 8) When the uncharged atoms of potassium loose an electron, they then
A central atom with 4 electron pairs (single bonds and/or lone pairs of electrons) could have which of the following molecular geometries? I. Trigonal bipyramidal II. Tetrahedral III. Trigonal pyramidal IV. Bent A. I and II B. II and III C. II, III, and IV D. I and IV E. I, II, and IV 65.
9) The ionic bond of sodium chloride is formed when A) chlorine gains an electron from sodium. B) sodium and chlorine share an electron pair. C) sodium and chlorine both lose electrons from their outer valence shells. D) sodium gains an electron from chlorine. E) chlorine gains a proton from sodium.
1. Atomic radius increases 2. Electron shielding increases 3. The nuclear attraction between the electrons and the nucleus therefore increases, making it harder for the outer shell to gain an electron into the p-subshell. (d) describe the term disproportionation as a reaction in which an element is simultaneously oxidised and reduced, illustrated by: (i) the reaction of chlorine with water as used in water purification, Cl2(aq) + H2O(l) -----> HClO(aq) + HCl(aq) (ii) the reaction of chlorine with cold, dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide, as used to form bleach, Cl2(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) ----> NaCl(aq) + NaClO(aq) +
COMPOSITION OF POLLUTION - FREE GROUND LEVEL AIR Nitrogen 78.08% Oxygen 20.95% Carbon Dioxide 0.03% COMPOSITION OF UNIVERSE COMPOSITION OF EARTH Hydrogen 60.40% Iron 35.4% Helium 36.56% Oxygen 27.8% Oxygen 0.96% Magnesium 17.0% Carbon 0.30% Silicon 12.6% ELEMENTS 90 Naturally occurring 19 Synthesized 109 TOTAL ATOM Chapter 3 What is it? Def: The smallest particle still having the characteristics of an element. It is made up of smaller particles: electrons, protons, and neutrons. Simplest atom is H (hydrogen). electron
E) Water is a compound. 5. Which of the following are chemical processes? 1. rusting of a nail 2. freezing of water 3. decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen gases 4. compression of oxygen gas A) 1, 3, 4 B) 2, 3, 4 C) 1, 4 D) 1, 2 E) 1, 3 6. Which one of the following is the highest temperature?