A participation crisis entails that the decline in levels of political participation threatens the legitimacy of the current democracy. If the levels are so low, questions may be asked as to whether the people are truly being properly represented by anyone. A key element in favour of there being a participation crisis is the decline in membership to political parties. Since 1951, memberships to political parties has been on a huge decline. The membership for the Tories has decreased from almost 3 million in 1951, to between 130 & 170 thousand in 2011.
Birth rate rapidly falls due to the use of birth control and family planning, and the continuing falling death rate causes the pyramid to take a more of a rocket shape as the base gets narrower with birth rate and death rate become more even again. But, the natural increase in population is still high and the pyramid base only narrows slightly and the top becomes wider as more people are living longer. Stage 4 of the DTM is represented by developed countries like most Europe and the USA. Birth rate and death rate fluctuate at a low
Another sign that political participation has declined in the UK is the idea of Partisan dealignment. This idea means that people increasingly identify less closely with political parties than they used to. For example, 50 years ago it was common for the working class to vote Labour, but now there is less of a distinction between party and classes. Partisan dealignment is a major reason why participation has declined in the UK in recent years because there is a further gap between political parties and the public, so people are unsure who they want to vote for. Party membership has decreased over recent years which correlate into less people voting.
The status and role of the elderly in the future will increase because the birthrate has dropped to an all-time low. b. There will be an elderly revolution, termed the “silver-haired rebellion,” which will place much of the lost power and status back into the hands of the older segment of society. c. As the rate of technological change accelerates, knowledge quickly becomes obsolete, and this decreases the status and role of the elderly (they are no longer the storage houses of technological knowledge; libraries and databanks have taken over this role). d. In the future, there will be a major reorganization of kinship and the family, which will restore power to the elderly.
Over the last forty years marriage and cohabitation patterns have drastically changed due to various reasons and changes in society. Firstly I will look at the changes in first marriages. In 1951 there were approximately 330,000 first marriages in the UK, whereas in 2009 there were only 190,000. This clearly shows the dramatic decline in first marriages. The reasons for this decrease are due to a change in social norms and a decline in social stigma.
How important was the decline of Britain’s staple industries in explaining the industrial unrest of the period between 1918-1929? The quick decline of the staple industries had a huge effect among Britain, it accounted for almost half of Britain’s total out put, a quarter of employment and three quarters of exports before 1914. Through out 1920’s unemployment remained at about 10- 20%of an insure workforce where as Britain’s share of the world export trade fell from 18-11% and a drop in value also in overseas investments, which of course left Britain struggling to pay for imports. London was no longer the undisputed financial capital of the world and as the US replaced Britain as the world money lender, the US dollar displaced the pound as the world’s major currency. However there were a few positive developments along side the bad, for example in the 1920’s new industries were introduced of the second industrial revelation, electrical goods, chemicals and motor car production through the mid 20’s was higher by three times than its year of 1914, these where among the products and services that Britain Introduced in an effort to revitalise and flourish Britain’s industries.
In Murray’s eyes, the increase in divorce means that there is a decline in the traditional nuclear family; this is a result of breakdown of traditional morals and values. According to Murray, marriage is less supported by the state and allows single parent families to be on benefits which creates a dependency culture. This then offers perverse incentives. Additionally, with the numbers of marriages going down, the amount of couples that cohabit has increased. There has been an estimate that by 2020 there will be 3 million cohabiting couples.
The Census Bureau predicts the U.S. population will reach 397 million in 2050, which is a bad sign. People have been expecting the decline of increasing population. The second effect is to the U.S. economy, 31% of adults who are immigrants have not completed high-school. There are more and more people are now unemployed, which makes the U.S. economy goes down. The third effect is to environment, increasing population rapidly has a negative-effect on environment, including: water, air, land, etc...
Over the past 100 years there has been a declining rate in family sizes in the UK, birth rate across the UK has also decreased. The birth rate is the number of live births per 1000 of the population per year. Since the 1900 the birth rate has been decreasing with the exception of the ‘baby booms’ after the wars and during the 1960’s, but still the overall birth rate has been decreasing with time. There are several social factors which contribute to these changes, Since the early 1900’s women were married and starting a family at an early age and if they weren’t they were frowned upon, however over time the position of women in society has changed and their status and power is much higher than it was before. The changes that occurred include greater equality, rights to vote, rights to divorce, work opportunities and the availability of contraception to control their fertility, due these factors women are no longer frowned upon on for having ambitions and goals to achieve before they settle down and start a family.
Other nearby regions lost two-thirds of their population, and the deaths were by the minute. The loss of lives in Europe is uncountable and too widespread. Moreover, the affected people were the poorer and lower classes as they had the worst hygiene conditions and lived in cramped