The objectives of these reforms were to simply keep the Creoles from being superior or even on the same level as the Iberians. Of course the Spanish and the Portuguese were the ones to benefit by setting these reforms, however, in the long run, it was more beneficial to the indigenous peoples because it caused them to revolt and take back what was theirs. Spain By the 18th century, Spain was set back by foreign wars, increasing debt, declining population, internal revolts, and threats by its surrounding countries of France, England, and Holland. The Bourbon reforms of Spain were launched by the Bourbon dynasty because of increasing attacks on the Iberian empires by these foreign rivals, the need to strengthen the state and economy, and to secure its holds on the American colonies. Spanish troops were sent to New Spain to reinforce defense and military matters.
Peasants were captive to their lords, essentially forced into servitude without wages. Through the worst conditions, a constant source of comfort was the Church and it's promise of a better life in Heaven. As it grew in power and riches, the Catholic Church became a political power, and peasants began to fear the church instead of worshiping the God, through the life of Jesus Christ, that it represented. In the political climate, protest was difficult. Anyone that was considered a threat to the power of the Church were often executed or exiled.
They would give them items such as alcohol, guns, textiles, metal tools, and pots in return for the elite furs. As the demand for furs rose, they began to corrupt the nature of animals that the Indians followed. Unknowingly the French also killed many natives through illness; the goods that the French offered to the natives carried diseases and led to the death of many Indians because of their lack of immunity. The relationship between the Spanish colonists and the Indians was a callous one and only benefited the Spanish. In the 1500s, the Spanish arrived in the New World with the intent to convert natives to Catholicism, trade, and discover riches.
Not only did The Reconquista hurt Spain because of bad publicity, but the Moors were the educated artisans. When they left Spain, it became uneducated and lost its middle working class. The Reconquista ended in 1492 when the Christian kings took the Iberian peninsula back under control. Although The Reconquista was crucial to Spain’s decline the defeat of the Spanish Armada was even more notable to the cause. In 1588 the Spanish Armada was defeated in the English Channel.
The Carolinas came later and was created and advertised as a location for the poor under-class to have a second chance at wealth. In those days wealth was measured in the amount of land that you owned so the untapped vastness of the Carolinas brought many a colonist over with hopes of rebirth. Caribbean also falls under the category of financial yearning as its profitable sugar market helped its English population to flourish and grow. Always present when discussing the matter of new colonization is the idea of religious “freedom”. The colonies of Georgia and Maryland were primarily
When this happened there were enormous hopes for reforms benefiting the working and middle classes, the major instigators of this revolution, but Louis Philippe quickly became a severe disappointment by resorting to corruption and repression to maintain and enforce power, and by turning a blind eye to the rising tide of urban migration and poverty. Instead of establishing a republic, like many had hoped, the July Revolution resulted in the establishment of yet another monarchy. Among the first acts of Louis Philippe was the proclamation of
During the beginning of colonial settlement, Britain did not enforce strict laws upon the colonies because it wanted them to prosper. Once war broke out between the French and the British in the French and Indian war, Britain began to enforce harsher laws and greater taxes on the colonies to draw revenue for the war. This in turn, angered the colonists and they began to think twice about having another country rule them. The colonists at the time also violated the same ideals of equality of rights and rule of law when they discriminated against the African Americans, Native Americans, and the poorer white settlers by forcing people into slavery with terrible conditions and taking land just because the colonist needed it. When the French and Indian War broke out between the British and the French, Britain hoped to use the colonies as an extra source of wealth to fight the war.
In communities where animist religions hold sway, persecution is often demonstrated socially. Christians who do not participate in animist ceremonies are ostracized. In close-knit, rural contexts, being ostracized sometimes presents more emotional injury than physical persecution. In other parts of the Horn of Africa, especially in certain religious contexts, Christian beliefs become the primary reason Nazarenes are persecuted. In these situations, persecution is often physical: shootings, other forms of maiming, and murder.
This was a direct cause of the economic crises that faced the French Government. This was partly a result of the country's involvement in the American war of independence. The Nobility was called upon to help ease France's economic crisis, but they declined to help out because they were afraid of losing their economic privileges such as high roles in society, not having to serve the king in war as well as not having to pay taxes. The cost of affording a respectable or even a sustained lifestyle had increased rapidly with the rise in bread prices and basic necessities. On top of which the working class was expected to pay heavy taxes to finance the governments running.
Eventually, many people were ostracized by the tribe for being Christian and tensions flared. The normal society that the Ibo people had known was no more. “The center cannot hold” shows how the tribe became weaker as more and more converted, because “the church had come and led many away” (174). “Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world” means that the Ibo people have no certain government, but instead they had chaos, because of their split opinions on religion. The main character, Okonkwo, fought hard for his beliefs against those of the Christians, and he said to his sons, “If any one of you