Discuss two or more ways in which eating and satiation are cont\rolled by neural mechanisms One way which eating and satiation are controlled by neural mechanisms is through the Set point theory and Homeostasis – the maintenance of a constant internal environment. KEELEY (1986) proposed that we have a biologically determined standard around which our body weight (specific fat mass) is regulated, hence if we eat too much or too little; homeostatic mechanisms accordingly return us to our original weight. However, PASSER ET AL (2009) found persistent overeating or under eating may make it increasingly more difficulty for homeostatic mechiasms to do this and over time may settle a new weight. Homeostasis controls a dual-feeding system, which when blood the glucose increases the ventromedial hypothalamus is activated, giving you the feeling of being full. When blood glucose decreases the Lateral hypothalamus is activated, giving you the feeling of hunger.
When you eat, your body automatically turns any calories it doesn’t currently need into triglycerides and stores it in your fat cells to use for energy in between meals. If you eat more calories than you burn on a regular basis, then you are at a high risk for your
Amylase breaks down amylase and amylopectin (which are starches found commonly in foods such as pasta) and converts some of the starch maltose (a disaccharide.) It’s good to chew food so that the saliva can mix with the food and begin the digestive process. Amylase continues to break down starches until the food reaches the stomach where stomach acid neutralizes amylase. After food passes through the stomach and entering the small intestine, the pancreas is signaled to make pancreatic amylase. This amylase converts the remaining starch into maltose.
These substances would be the ones that I would include in her shakes after surgery, while she is on her liquid diet. A deficiency of vitamin B12 is a serious concern because our bodies require it for numerous functions, such as; the formation of blood, DNA synthesis, energy and myelin (the insulation that protects nerve endings and allows communication between nerves) formation. In order to breakdown the fat content in her shake, she will need the pancreatic enzymes called Lipase, which work directly with bile excreted from the liver. (No Negative
Failure to do so results in their immune system producing antibodies which attacks the lining of their bowel causing them to have abdominal pains, constipation/diarrhoea, bloating, difficulty in gaining weight in childhood or maintaining weight in adulthood and anaemia. Because it affects the way their body can absorb nutrients it can also lead to osteoporosis and increase their risk of bowel cancer. Some foods can be bought that are labelled ‘gluten free’ but tend to be more expensive. • Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is the term used to describe a condition when on inspection of the bowel everything seems normal, but the person suffers with symptoms like abdominal pain, flatulence, bloating and constipation/diarrhoea. The person may want to keep a food diary to help discover which foods make their condition worse and avoid them in the future.
The sequel of refeeding syndrome adversely affect nearly every organ system and include cardiac dysrhythmias, heart failure, acute respiratory failure, coma, paralysis, nephropathy, and liver dysfunction. The primary cause of the metabolic response to refeeding is the shift from stored body fat to carbohydrate as the primary fuel source. Serum insulin levels rise, causing intracellular movement of electrolytes for use in metabolism. The best advice when initiating nutritional support is to "start low and go slow". Recommendations to reduce the risk of refeeding syndrome
The hypothalamus is responsible for regulating the feeling of hunger. Upon arriving to the party I may feel hungry and the hypothalamus would prompt the hunger signals in my brain and I would want to eat the pizza. Once I start eating the pizza, the hypothalamus would make me feel full and once I am full I would stop
Cholesterol is a waxy substance that is made in your body or can enter your body through the food that you eat. Your body, and especially your liver, has the capability to make all the cholesterol that you need and circulates it through the blood. However, we get extra cholesterol from foods that come from animal sources, such as meat, poultry and full-fat dairy products (Heart.org, 2015). The more foods that you eat that are high in fat, the more that your liver produces cholesterol. Your body cannot dissolve cholesterol and in order to move it through your bloodstream it uses carriers that are made of fat and protein.
Therefore, they require an energy-dense diet high in protein, fats, and vitamins. Patients also receive additional A, D, E and K vitamins. Poor absorption also hinders patients’ ability to gain weight and to grow normally. However, the most serious impact of Cystic Fibrosis is still breathing. Doctors can recognize Cystic Fibrosis by testing the salt content of the sweat; it is much higher in people with the disease.
SCI/241 THE SCIENCE OF NUTRITION January13,2012 Human Digestion How the does the digestive system works to absorbs nutrients? Digestion starts with the smell of food, it activates the salivary glands. The gland secret saliva that moistens food, it also contains a digestive enzyme called amylase that breaks down some carbohydrates before it leaves the mouth. Then the food is swallowed and goes into the lumen through the esophagus. The esophagus muscles contractions called peristalsis forces the food through the sphincter valve and into the stomach.