DKA simulation 1. Describe the pathophysiologic changes in DKA. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), is caused by insulin deficiency. Signs of DKA include hyperglycemia, ketosis, acidosis, and dehydration. This condition most likely to occurs in people with type 1 diabetes but may also be seen in type 2 diabetes and also in conditions of severe illness or stress that may cause the pancreas to be unable to meet the extra demand for insulin.
Explain the pathophysiology underlying the patient’s abnormal ESR. With an underactive thyroid the patient would have an abnormal T3 and T4 count. These are the hormones secreted by the thyroid. Her fasting Glucose level was high as well. This could be due to a poor diet which would also explain the weight gain.
Since methemoglobin cannot carry oxygen, if enough too much of the enzyme is in the blood, the infant’s tissue and organs may be deprived of oxygen. This will cause him or her to develop a bluish coloring and possibly result in long-term digestive and respiratory
A trypsinogen test is also ordered when children or adults present with symptoms suggesting cystic fibrosis and pancreatic dysfunction such as persistent diarrhea, foul-smelling, bulky greasy stools, malnutrition, and vitamin deficiency. Trypsinogen testing is non-diagnostic; there are a fair number of false positives and problems other than cystic fibrosis and pancreatic dysfunction that can cause a positive IRT. An elevated level must be followed with other testing. When diagnosing cystic fibrosis, this may include another IRT in a month, CF gene mutation testing, and/or sweat chloride testing. If an IRT level is elevated, an infant may have cystic fibrosis; an infant or adult may have abnormal pancreatic enzyme production, pancreatitis, or pancreatic cancer; or the elevated IRT may be a false positive.
The hormone that is not being produced is called ACTH, cortisol or aldosterone. Addison’s disease happens when the anterior pituitary gland produces excessive but in effective amounts of ACTH to the adrenal cortex. This hinders its ability to produce and release hormones. Symptoms include bronzing of skin, dehydration, fatigue, muscle weakness, loss of appetite, and weight loss. Addison’s disease is an autoimmune disease.
If this fails, a pancrelipase and sodium bicarbonate solution may be instilled in order to "digest" the clog. Metabolic complications: Metabolic complications of enteral nutrition are similar to those that occur during PN, although the incidence and severity may be less. Careful monitoring can minimize or prevent metabolic complications. Refeeding syndrome: Refeeding of severely malnourished patients may result in "refeeding syndrome" in which there are acute decreases in circulating levels of potassium, magnesium, and phosphate. The sequel of refeeding syndrome adversely affect nearly every organ system and include cardiac dysrhythmias, heart failure, acute respiratory failure, coma, paralysis, nephropathy, and liver dysfunction.
* Dosages: 180 mg/day * Contraindications: Breastfeeding, children, respiratory disease * Side Effects: Headache, hypotension, palpitations, dysuria * Important Need to Know Information: Assess allergy, itchy, runny, watery eyes, respiratory rate, rhythm, wheezing * Why You are Giving: Blocks pharmacologic effects of histamine * Class of Drug: Antihistamine/Allergy * Flonase * Trade/Generic: Fluticasone/Flonase * Implications for Use: Nasal Congestion * How Administered: Inhalant * Dosages: 1-2 inh each nostril every two hours * Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sympathomimetic amines * Side Effects: Anxiety, irritation, contact dermatitis * Important Need to Know Information: Assess for redness, swelling, pain in nasal passages, assess for systemic absorption, hypertension, and tachycardia * Why You are Giving: Produces vasoconstriction of arteries, thereby decreasing fluid exudate * Class of Drug: Decongestant * Ibuprofen * Trade/Generic: Ibuprofen/Motrin * Implications for Use: RA, OA, primary dysmenorrheal, gout, dental pain, musculoskeletal disorders, fever * How Administered: PO, IV * Dosages: 4-10 mg/kg/dose every 6 to 8
UNIT 4222-378 (LD 310) Outcome 1 1. People on the autistic spectrum have share certain difficulties, their condition effect them in different ways. Some people with autism are able to live reactively independent lives but others may have accompanying learning disabilties and need a life time of specialist support. Therefore its important that we recognise each person on the spectrum will need different type of support. 2 Triad of impairments is the term that describes the difficulties that people with autism experience in differing degrees.
If the body loses its ability to maintain homeostasis then imbalances occur which could cause diseases or disorders. Homeostasis imbalance due to diabetes occurs when the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin or it creates too much for the
o Increase anxiety and stress Question 2 Common causes of difficulties with continence include: o Increased age o Weak or damaged pelvic floor muscles o Nerve damage (caused by child birth. surgery) o Increased abdominal pressure (caused by pregnancy or weight) o Lack of oestrogen (more common after menopause) o Medication side effects o Obesity o Neurological conditions (Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis) o Health conditions (urinary tract infection, cancer, tumour, bladder stones, enlarged prostate gland, bladder fistula) o Constipation o Family history o High intake of alcohol or caffeine o Spinal cord injury Question 3 It is important that health professionals recognise, respect and understand both personal and religious beliefs and values when assisting and managing continence care, in order to ensure individual choice specific