Strategic factors played a changing role in Britain’s relationship with its African empire throughout the expansion period 1870-1902, the consolidation period 1902-1955 and the de-colonisation period 1955-1981. In some of these periods Strategy was right at the foreground of Britain’s rule in Africa and other times it was pushed to the back by other major factors. These include economic considerations, International relations, changing attitudes and nationalism. Many historians such as Martin Pugh saw that ‘the most obvious motive for British expansion was strategic’. Britain’s strategic motives in Africa centred on thwarting the growth of rival European powers as well as securing its interests in Africa.
The Mongols had foreign administrators in China because they did not trust any Chinese person to be left in charge therefore foreign people were used. While in the Middle East the Mongols felt that leaving the Persians to have some charge would be the best for the people and result in benefits. Along with similar and different political effects of Mongol rule, there were similar and different economic effects of Mongol rule on China and the Middle East. The economic effects of Mongol rule on China and the Middle East were similar in that both were forced to give up money. In
The Europeans then attacked Africa with a renewed energy. Then a European council drew up the Berlin act, which was responsible for the carving of Africa in pieces of land for the major imperialistic
While China have been doing this the countries In the Middle East with the oil have been trying to shift away from having a customer base from over dependence on the Western market and so they have been looking at rapidly growing markets like China. Another example of how a good relationship leafs to a good supply of energy is the case of the US and Saudi Arabia. They had a symbiotic relationship, meaning that they depended on each other, but in the aftermath of 9/11 their relationship has become increasingly strained. This is because 15 out of the 19 hijackers were of Saudi nationality. However, they need to have a good relationship so they can both survive as Saudi Arabia need the money from exporting and the US need the energy.
Between 1500-1800 C.E. Sub-Saharan Africa experienced changes and continuity as they began to go further with their foreign relations. Culturally, Africa began to form syncretic cults that had Christian teachings and African traditions. Slavery continued to be one of Africa's main way of showing economic wealth. Africa experienced growth and change in their political organization and the rise and fall of kingdoms and states Before the syncretic cults, Africa's old traditions and beliefs surrounded deities, idols, and multiple gods.
The slave trade impacted Africa’s population, turning it into half of what it was expected to be in 1850. Organization of the Trade: 1. Triangle trade is a trade network in which slaves from Africa were carried to the Americas, sugar, tobacco, and other goods were carried from the Americas to Europe, and European products were sent to the coast of Africa to trade for the slaves and start the whole network. African Societies, Slavery, and the Slave Trade 1. Europeans made slave trade acceptable by saying that is was already practiced in the continent and they were not the first.
In chapter 17, Prelude to the European conquest of Africa, British abolitionists create a colony called Freetown were freed African slaves settled. It was a safe haven for freed slaves. This was sort of a shift from what Europeans originally used Africa for, which was the trading of slaves and gold. Everything Europeans needed was accessible on the Western coast of Africa, resulting in the interior to rarely be ventured. One man who argued that slavery was inefficient was Scottish philosopher Adam Smith.
European Imperialism in Africa and Asia European nations followed to establish trade contacts in Africa and Asia. Their influence in the non-Western world increased gradually in the next three centuries. Beginning in 1870, European nations moved rapidly to extend their control over almost all of Africa and in most of Asia. The industrialized nations competed with each other for natural resources and raw materials such as copper, rubber, petroleum, and cotton after the Industrial Revolution spread within Europe. The industrial middle class, who had gained greater influence in the governments in Europe, encouraged imperialist ventures to seize control in Africa and Asia.
In the years before the European Scramble for Africa, European nations met at the Berlin Conference in 1884. The fourteen countries represented at the time included Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden-Norway Turkey, and the United States of America. Out of these fourteen nations, France, Germany, Great Britain, and Portugal had the most power in the conference, and controlled most of colonial Africa at the time. In the three decades after the Berlin Conference on Africa, European powers occupied and colonies areas in Africa, which later became known as the Scramble for Africa. During this period, the African leaders reacted to the Scramble for Africa in different ways including, by political or cultural behavior, fighting back or surrendering.
Africa Imperialism of Africa was directly related to three factors, economic, political, and social. After the collapse of the profitable anti-slave trade, expansion of European capitalist Industrial Revolution there was a demand and assurance of raw material, because Africa was so large and fruitful this brought about the scramble for Africa. European powers, Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Portugal, and Spain sought out to gain control of land. This was so intense that the presence of fear of war would evolve, a treaty instilled by the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck was produced at the famous Berlin West Africa conference known as the Berlin Act in hopes of preventing conflict and war. Africa did not partake in the treaty and eventually use military resistance.