Unit 4222-366 (DEM 302) Outcome 1 1. Describe how cognitive, functional and emotional changes associated with dementia can affect eating, drinking and nutrition. Firstly I will look at cognitive in reference to eating, drinking and nutrition. Some people with dementia can suffer from clinical depression and this would be a cognitive change, as an affect of depression the appetite of an individual will be affected and this may lead to someone having a small or no appetite and under eating this may lead to malnutrition and dehydration, or someone having an increase appetite which will cause over eating and may lead to someone gaining weight or becoming obese which carries many health conditions. Secondly, functional changes that may occur with someone with dementia is that they may have had a stroke or have weakness in using limbs which would affect them using utensils such as a knife and fork for instance not having the strength to lift the fork to their mouth.
P3 Explain specific health psychology issues Eating disorders are characterised by an abnormal attitude towards food that causes an individual to change their eating habits and their behaviour. There are several types of eating disorders that can effect an individual physically, psychologically and socially. The two eating disorders which I will be discussing is anorexia and bulimia. Anorexia is an eating disorder and a mental health condition which can be life-threatening. Anorexia is an irrational fear of gaining weight, it typically involves excessive weight loss and usually occurs more in females than in males.
Biological psychologists believe that the key aspects of neuroanatomy, biochemistry and genetics are crucial in our understanding of human behaviour. I shall examine some research studies in order to assess the value of this approach in regard to the study of human behaviour. One example of how the biological approach can be used in our understanding of human behaviour is the study of eating disorders. Eating disorders is a term that describes a seriously disrupted appetite or eating habit. One of the most common types of eating disorder is anorexia nervosa, where the person suffering from it lives in fear of becoming overweight, and therefore starves themselves despite being dramatically underweight.
"The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV -TR defines anorexia nervosa using the following criteria, including a refusal to maintain body weight above 15% below that which is expected, an extreme fear of weight gain, despite being significantly underweight, a disturbance in body image such as feeling fat, even though the individual is underweight, and in females amenorrhea for at least three consecutive menstrual cycles". (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). What role do psychological and social factors play in the cause of anorexia nervosa? Individuals suffering from anorexia find it difficult to achieve self-esteem, asserting control and establishing a sense of identity ( Bruch, 1973). The anorexic's development becomes arrested, with their main focus of identity being focused on size and weight, which ultimately leads their life functions to diminish, with the prime focus of the anorexic being less focused on relationships and self-care (Bruch, 1973).
A2 Psychology Unit 3 Eating Behaviour: Psychological Explanations Of One Eating Disorder - Anorexia Nervosa Notes What You Need To Know: Psychological Explanations Of One Eating Disorder - Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia Nervosa: What is it? • Refusal to maintain minimum normal weight and fear of weight gain. • Deliberate weight-loss and a weight of 15% or more below normal. • Disturbance in perception of own body shape, leading to an insistence that the person is overweight. • It is often co-morbid with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and/or depression.
Also Failure to Dieting has been linked to overeating which will be discussed as they play a major role of Dieting. Other research which I will involve has shown to support these studies or shown how dieting can be unsuccessful and can result to overeating. Herman and Mack (1975) proposed a study using the Preload/ test method which is called the restrained theory. The participants were 45 female students. It was developed as an attempt to explain both the causes and consequences associated with the cognitive restriction to food intake.
Dying to be Thin Melanie Hogan HCA 415 Professor Clark April 15, 2013 Dying to be Thin Living in a society that is infatuated with being thin and sex appeal, it is obvious why eating disorders are so prominent in the United States. Food- related disorders including Bulimia, binge eating, and food phobias are becoming more common, but the leading eating disorder in the United States is Anorexia Nervosa (Anorexia for short). Anorexia is a severe eating disorder, in which an individual drastically reduces their calorie intake to the point of starvation. Although, Anorexia can affect anyone of any color at any time in their life, its primary target is adolescent and young adult females. The cause of this disorder is unknown, but people
Holmstrom (2004) examined the effects of media on body image. Eating disorders are often blamed on media exposure and celebrity worship of thinness. Holmstrom (2004) stated the incidence of eating disorders are increasing in non-English speaking countries. The claim that media causes eating disorders has sparked numerous studies to determine if a relationship exists. Holmstrom (2004) indicated that research has not only considered the cause of eating disorders, but media influence on eating pathology, body dissatisfaction, and body size estimation.
This makes them directly correlated to the current trends in the prevalence of obesity. According to Friel (2009) inequity which results to social profiles has resulted to increased prevalence in obesity. The affluent, with good income spend much eating junk foods and doing less exercise. The underprivileged on the other hand are bound by illiteracy, poor social amenities, retrogressive cultures and unemployment. This makes both groups vulnerable to obesity as they indulge in unplanned and bad eating habits.
Introduction Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are the two main eating disorders. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are similar in that there is an inaccurate perception of body weight, size or shape and/or marked over-concern about body weight, size or shape. However, there are differences. Anorexia nervosa is characterized by voluntary maintenance of unhealthy low weight (less than 85% of expected), cessation of menstrual periods for at least three cycles (amenorrhea), and an intense fear of weight gain or becoming fat. On the other hand, bulimia nervosa is characterized by inappropriate weight reducing behavior (vomiting, laxative or diuretic abuse, excessive exercise, fasting) at least twice a week and large uncontrolled binge eating at least twice a week.