Nazik Al-Mala'Ika's Poetry and Its Critical Reception in the West.

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Nazik al-Mala'ika's poetry and its critical reception in the West. (Modern Iraqi Literature in English Translation) Arab Studies Quarterly (ASQ) 9/22/1997 by Professor Salih J. Altoma Iraqi Arab poet Nazik al-Mala'ika is a popular figure in Arab literature not just because of his use of creative, experimental poetry. She has also been known for her systematic critiques and her ideas about the artistic, linguistic and intellectual issues regarding modern Arabic literature. However, it is unfortunate that her translated poems are often those which reflect her sadness, pessimism and confusion. It must be noted that some of her poems are patriotic, optimistic and defiant. Nazik al-Mala'ika occupies a prominent position in modern Arabic literature not only because of her innovative, experimental poetry, but also because of her well-known systematic critical efforts and her views toward important artistic, linguistic, and intellectual issues in modern Arabic literature. Since the publication of her first collection, The Lover of night (Ashiqat alLayl, 1947), al-Mala'ika has contributed toward transforming Arabic poetry in terms of its orientation and structure. This is reflected equally in her own poetry and in her critical theorization of the new poetic form known as free verse. Therefore, it is not surprising that alMala'ika's poetry and her critical theories should receive attention in both the Arab World and in the West, despite the fact that the West did not pay any significant attention to modern Arabic literature until after World War II (see Altoma, 7:243-257). A survey of studies written about Nazik al-Mala'ika between 1950 and the 1980s reveals that early references to her were general in nature, aimed at recognizing her position in modern Arabic literature. In 1950, S.A. Khulusi dealt with al-Mala'ika in two articles published in Islamic Review (42:40-45) and
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