DBQ 6: Enlightenment Thinkers and Their Impact on European Rulers The Age of Enlightenment was a time where cultural and intellectual ideas from Western Europe brought reason, analysis, and individualism to the rest of Europe and replaced former traditional authority. The Age of Enlightenment was most frequently known as the Age of Reason because it reformed society from the authority of the church to a society of science and skepticism. The Enlightenment philosophy was promoted by local enlightenment thinkers that stressed liberty, freedom from the church’s authority, and worked to abolish serfdom. A number of the Enlightenment philosophers influenced society by publishing texts. New ideas and beliefs spread through Europe and worldwide and marked a change from only having religious texts to also providing intellectual texts.
Rise of German Nationalism Essay Nationalism: the idea that people sharing the same language and culture should be ruled by their own government. This is largely a concept which developed in Europe during the nineteenth-century. National consciousness grew throughout Europe, particularly in the 'German states', as people were united together in a common feeling of resentment against the French. The Napoleonic Wars and the French Revolution encouraged new political ideas such as Liberalism, which unwittingly promoted nationalism. This was because the new middle class that had emerged in the 'German states', from industrialisation, wanted political representation, and felt that it could only be achieved in a united Germany.
He also believed in peasants being freed from serfdom. This view was adopted by the peasantry and was a key cause in their uprising. Sebastian Lotzer and Christoph Schappeler were two preachers that strongly believed that peasants should not stand for mistreatment by their lords. They stated that lords should not force any more work on the peasants than they are being compensated for. This was major cause because the peasants demanded to be paid fairly.
The 'anarchists' in the Patagonia desired a society without rich or poor people as well as a society in which everyone showed respect for the human being, so that no weapons would ever be necessary. In this manner, they sought a society where people solved disagreements through talking, and not violence, out of respect for the other person and their position. Aside from these broad goals, the 'anarchists' also wanted fair wages and safe working conditions. This was seen when the Workers Union first went on strike in the movie. After the strikers were found not guilty by the court, the union demanded better and standardized wages for both urban and rural workers as well as first aid kits and signs or labeling in a language the workers could read, such as Spanish.
Peter the Great helped shape the previously unsuccessful nation of Russia into an active European political power by following the examples set by Western European powers at the time. Before the 17th Century Russia was only considered a part of Europe out of courtesy. Geographically and politically, it lay on the periphery. Fortunately for Russia, that all changed when Peter the Great came to power. To do this he set out to accomplish certain general goals for the country which included: reorganizing the administration, developing the economy, building a strong military, and quashing the potential independence of the nobles, guard, and church.
The Puritans worked mostly on farms and traded their goods for other goods that they could not produce themselves. Their work ethic allowed them to establish a strong commercial economy. The Puritans also shaped the colonies socially. The Puritans were deeply religious and lived accordingly. They believed in predestination, which means that only a select few would receive access into heaven.
Due to that fact, there weren’t many traditional families in the south. There were mostly farmers and single people. It is safe to say that life in the southern colonies was much different in many ways than life in New England and the middle
Although, Solon’s laws did not establish a democracy, they were a crucial step towards Athenian democracy. Within this, Solon also created a social hierarchy based on agriculture, this allowed each class to participate in the government but also have their own obligation for taxes, contributions and other benefits. The classes included: the Pentakosiomedimnoi (the most powerful landowning class), the Hippies (consists of government officials), then the Zeguital (the lower officials in the government) and lastly, Thetes (owned no land, had little or no influence within the government) (4). Solons’ laws allowed the citizens to have more rights with their government and to be able to stabilize within their social hierarchy’s. Solons contributions consisted of moderate rearrangement rather then an entire revolutionary transfer of political power.
The source tells me that even though he was just an ordinary farmer without much schooling, that, “Learning and knowledge is essential to the preservation of liberty”(Foner 148). He believed that Americans needed to gain as much information as they could about the political parties, and which direction they were heading towards starting the new nation. Even more importantly, he
Most of the population were peasants or serfs, trying to earn a subsistence living working the land. What little learning there was could be found in the Church. But the Church was largely under the control of local lords. Most churches and monasteries had been founded by members of the nobility who often exerted control over the institutions they had established. The Cluniac reforms had begun a revival movement within the Church, but it had had little effect on the institutional structures of the Church.