Initially Steve Lopez saw Nathaniel as a story that would interest his writers. Upon Steve’s investigation he learns Nathaniel Anthony Ayers Jr. was a child prodigy that attended Julliard a prestigious school for the Arts in NYC and dropped out after his second year. He also learned that Nathaniel was obsessed with learning to play his Cello at a young age and focused on becoming like Beethoven with his compulsion over music. Steve also learns that Nathaniel dropped out of Julliard because he began hearing voices that controlled his thinking and led him to believe that people were reading his mind and planned on hurting him which disturbed his focus when playing his Cello. After Steve wrote this article, His readers began writing to him and donating instruments/opportunities to Steve that
Grilly had found people with Parkinson’s disease (low levels of dopamine) who were taking the drug L-dopa to raise their levels of dopamine were developing schizophrenic type symptoms. There is a flaw with one of the key pieces of evidence to support the dopamine hypothesis. The drugs used to treat schizophrenia by blocking the dopamine receptors can actually increases it as neurons struggle to compensate for the sudden deficiency. Haracz, in a review of post-mortem studies of schizophrenics, found that most of those studied who showed elevated dopamine levels had received antipsychotic drugs shortly before death, unlike post-mortem of schizophrenics who hadn’t received medication these results showed that these individuals had normal levels of dopamine. Therefore, this evidence then in fact weakens the support for the dopamine hypothesis.
After analysis of the three topics, the supporting article, "Adjunctive antidepressant treatment with quetiapine in agitated depression: positive effects on symptom reduction, psychopathology, and remission rates." by Rothermundt Matthias, and the combative article, "Psychiatric Drugs As Agents Of Trauma." by Charles Whitfield, one can verify which statements are supported to be true, and choose their side. Now the main argument of antidepressants being effective in the long-term treatment of depression vs. the placebo. In the treatment of major depressive disorder there are both arguments saying antidepressants are significantly better than the placebo, and one that say there is little effect using antidepressants compared with the placebo.
[pic] Schizophrenia, severe mental disorder characterised by a profound disruption of cognition and emotion, which affects a person’s language, thought, perception, affect and even sense of self. In most countries across the world, the lifetime risk of being diagnosed with schizophrenia is 1 per cent. There is a distinction between acute and chronic onset schizophrenia. In chronic onset, there is often an insidious change in an apparently normal young person who gradually loses drive and motivation and starts to drift away from friends. After months or even years of this deterioration, more obvious signs of disturbance such as delusional ideas or hallucinations, appear.
He was made professor of Logic, Metaphysics and Ethics in the philosophy department. To the chagrin of his opponents, Baldwin soon became a popular professor on campus. Misfortune, however, delayed Baldwin’s grand plans to establish a psychological laboratory at U of T. A month after his inaugural lecture, a fire destroyed University College. In the two years that followed, Baldwin received funding to establish a new laboratory. The university provided four rooms on the second floor of the West wing of the restored University College building.
Most mental health experts agree that when depression is severe, medication can be helpful, even life saving. Other studies show that the benefits of depression medication have been exaggerated. When it comes to mild to moderate depression, antidepressants are only slightly more effective than Natural Cures. They altar chemicals in the brain like serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine causing the body to be more prone to side
Many researchers, such as Crow (1985) believe there are two different types of SZ with different underlying pathology. Type 1 SZ is the type of SZ which would be associated with the Dopamine Hypothesis; it involves DA dysfunction, is characterised by positive symptoms and responds well to anti-psychotic medication. Type 2 SZ, however, is the type that is unsupportive of the Dopamine Hypothesis- it is a neurodevelopmental disorder arising from prenatal insults or perinatal insults, characterised by negative symptoms and does not respond well to antipsychotic drugs. The idea of different types of SZ suggests that DA is not the only
(Catherine Harrison, PhD, January 10, 2008) B. Drugs that remedy or lessen effects Antipsychotic and atypical antipsychotic drugs are used to treat this disorder such as: Risperidone and Clozapine among others. C. How these drugs help These medications cannot “cure” the illness, but they can take away many of the symptoms or make them milder. In some cases, they can shorten the course of an episode of the illness as well. These medications affect neurotransmitters that allow communication between nerve cells.
Schizophrenia and Its Effects on the Hippocampal Region of the Brain Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder, afflicting approximately 1 percent of the world’s population. It is characterized by hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders, social withdrawal, lack of initiative and persistence, anhedonia, speech poverty, deficits in learning and memory, poor abstract thinking, etc. (Carlson, 2010). The onset of symptoms typically occurs in young adulthood. It is followed by the loss of brain tissue.
Those who are drug resistant may be offered clozapine which in an atypical drug and has a similar effect to chlorpromazine, reducing positive symptoms and some negative symptoms. Clozapine is effective in 50% of drug resistant patients however this still means that 15% of schizophrenics do not respond to drug treatments and therefore this suggests that brain neurochemistry is only one in a number of factors that cause schizophrenia. There are side effects with both of these drug treatments, clozapine can weaken and damage the immune system and chlorpromazine may cause the schizophrenic to develop facial tics which is known as tarrdive dyskinesia. It is therefore very important that patients receive the correct dosage because if they are given too little then the drugs are unlikely to benefit the patient and if given too much then they may be exposed to unnecessary side effects